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Disease Characteristics
Disease characteristics
150
Pathology
Graduate
02/16/2011

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Term
Failure of T and B cell tolerance to intercellular self-antigens (don't recognize intercellular products as self)
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder
Term
B cells produce autoantibodies against intercellular products (Antinuclear Antibodies)
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Circulating auto-antibodies are deposited in blood vessels, especially kidneys and lungs
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Smith (Sm) antigen is diagnostic, antibodies to double stranded DNA
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Chronic with scacerbations and remission, exacerbations reflect immunologic memory
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Autoimmune disease with lymphocyticd infiltration and fibrosis of lacrimal and salivary glands
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
autoimmunity disorder
Term
CD4_ Helper T cells do not recognize self lacrimal and salivary glandular cells
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
autoimmunity disorder
Term
CD8 T cell induces apoptosis of ductal and acinar epithelial cells
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
autoimmunity disorder
Term
decrease in tears, dry eyes, decrease in saliva, dry mouth, difficulty swallowing
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Excessive collagen deposition in skin and internal organs
Definition
Scleroderma
autoimmunity disorder
Term
T4 cell response to unknown antigen in the skin--release of cytokines and inflammatory response, then UP REGULATES fibroblast activation--excessive collagen, causes microvascular injury, fibrosis and tissue ischemia
Definition
Scleroderma
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Fibrosis of dermis and subq tissue, sclerodactyly, fingers curl, raynauds. fibrosis of lung, GI
Definition
Scleroderma
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Autoimmune initiated inflammation of connective tissue and muscle fibers
Definition
Inflammatory myopathies (dermatomyositis, polymyositis, inclusion-body myositis)
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Myocyte injury/necrosis from inflammatory response and ischemia, injured by CD4+ T cells and B cells, muscle weakness of PROXIMAL muscles, muscle degeneration
Definition
Inflammatory myopathies
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Chronic inflammatory joint disease, disk spaces, vertebral ligaments. Genetic.
Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis
autoimmunity disorder
Term
T cell activation against unknown axial antigen, develop antibodies against axial joint elements. leads to calcifications and ossification of bony growths. Low back pain, stiffness, decreased spinal mobility
Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Inflammatino of the blood vessel wall
Definition
Vasculitis
autoimmunity disorder
Term
antigen/antibody complexes deposited in subendothelium of blood vessels of skin, joints and kidney. Causes cell injury
Definition
Non-infectious Vasculitis
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCAs)-autoantibodies directed against neutrophil cytoplasm, release ROS that injure endothelial cells, OR anti-endothelial cell antibodies
Definition
Non-infectious Vasculitis
autoimmunity disorder
Term
IL-1, TNF alpha constitutional sx. Large/med arteries: facial pain, HA, ocular sx. cardiac ischemia. SM arteries: necrotizing vasculities, glomerulonephritis, rash, purpura skin lesions, ANCA autoantibody POS
Definition
Non-infectious Vasculitis
autoimmunity disorder
Term
Chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that primarily attachs joints
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune
Term
CD4 T cell mediated to unknown antigen--then activates B cell production against autoantibodies called RF's, RF targets self IgM and/ or self IgG
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune
Term
Autoantibody/antigen complex deposited in synovial membranes--inures tissues and continues immune response
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune
Term
CD4 T-cell release of cytokines starts inflammatory response that self-peretuates, fibroblast activation. cytokines: Il-1,6,8, TNF alpha and GMCSF, cartilage and bone destruction, scar tissue in joints
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune
Term
CD4 T cells and synovial cells activate osteoclasts that promote bone destruction
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune
Term
Fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, diaphoreses, anemia, vasculitis. All related to systemic inflammation RT what two cytokines?
Definition
Il-1, TNF alpha
Term
joint stiffness, deformity, atrophy of nearby muscles and bone, contractures, increased lymph tissue
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune
Term
High uric acid levels, overproduction of high intake protein, can be genetic, urate crystal induced inflammation of synovial joints
Definition
Gout
Inflammatory Disorders
Term
Phagocytosis by macrophages releases pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Il-1 and TNF alpha, classic complement pathway starts, hageman facotr, kinen factor, Severe acute pain, swelling, warmth toe, foot ankle
Definition
Gout
Inflammatory disorder
Term
Degeneration of articular cartilage, due to aging, mechanical stress, genetics, cartilage matrix degrades., cell injury due to TNFa, Il-1 release: inflammation
Definition
Osteoporosis
Inflammatory disorder
Term
loss of smooth cartilage surface, joint pain, decreased ROM, non-symmetrical joints, heberdens nodes-distal metatarsal joints
Definition
Osteoporosis
Inflammatory disorder
Term
Extracellular deposits of fibrillar proteins cause tissue damage and functional compromise, forms from abnormal folding of protein, aggregates, deposited between cells in tissues and organs
Definition
Amyloidosis
Inflammatory disorder
Term
Type of immune deficiency: rare, genetically determined and effects either T and/or B cell development/function, manifested between 6 mo and 2 years by recurrent bacterial infections
Definition
Primary Immune Deficiencies
Term
Infects cells with CD4 cell surface receptor molecules that allow entry.
Definition
HIV
Immune deficiency
Term
These tests all test for ?
Rapid antibody test
ELISA test
Western Blot
Definition
HIV
Immune deficiency
Term
High affinity against CD4T, but also effects T cell, monocytes/macrophages, and dendrites
Definition
HIV
Immune deficiency
Term
Where is the core of the HIV virus inserted?
Definition
CD4+ T cell. Viral core is uncoated adn viral RNA is released into target cell's cytoplasm
Term
reverse transcriptase enzyme converts this virus's RNA into double stranded DNA (cDNA) that enters the nucleus of the CD4+ cell. It stays until activated by antigen or cytokines.
Definition
HIV
Term
When infected T cells are activated what does the HIV DNA instruct the cell to do?
Definition
make many copies that leave the nucleus and enters cytoplasm, spliced into viral enzymes that combine with proteins for new viron. HIV
Term
On cells without CD4 receptors, how does HIV enter?
Definition
Fc receptors are the target for HIV
Term
CD4+ T cell death occurs from what with HIV infection?
Definition
productive infection, viral replication and budding causes CD4 T cell death
Term
HIV phase? initial high levels of virus production, widespread seeding
Can measure viral load. Constitutional sx. Seroconversion to antibodies takes 3-7 weeks
Definition
Acute or Early Phase of natural history of HIV
Term
HIV phase? Colonization of lymphoid tissue and HIV replication. lasts 5-10 yrs. CD4T decline due to HIV-mediated destructino of CD4T lymphocytes, Tc destruction, apoptosis of unaffected T cells, marrow suppression.
Definition
Chronic Phase/latency period of HIV
Term
What phase of HIV? CD8 cells initially incrase, and with continued loss of T4, decreased CD8. B cells: hypergammaglovulinemia, increased circulating immmune complexes. platelets destroyed by antibodies
Definition
Chronic Phase/Latency Period (5-10 years)
Term
What stage of HIV? opportunistic infections and neoplasm, constitutional sx. lymphadenopathy, Low CD4+ cell counts, Viral load (HIV-1 RNA; best marker for disease progression)
Definition
AIDS
Term
RBC's normal size and color
Definition
Normocytic
Term
Types of what?:
Loss of RBC's (ex:hemorrhage), increased RBC destruction (hemolytic anemia)
decreased RBC production
Definition
Normocytic
Term
Increased RBC destruction due to intravascular hemolysis (breakdown of RBC's in circulating blood. caused by mechanical injury, complement fixation (transfusion rx), malria
Definition
Hemolytic Anemia due to intravascular
Normocytic
Term
Normochromic, normocytic anemia, erythropoiesis, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinurea, hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice,
Definition
Hemolytic Anemia due to intravascular
Normocytic
Term
deficiency in membrane of cytoskeletal proteins on inside of RBC lipid cell surface, RBC membrane breaks in tight spaces, RBC spherical, splenomegaly, jaundice Smear: no central zone of pallor, Howell-Jolly bodies, retics
Definition
Hereditary sperocytosis NORMOCYTIC
Hemolytic Anemia (RBC destruction) due to Extravascular hemolysis, trapped in spleen
Term
Genetic defect of enzyme required for glutathione (antioxidant) production. RBC's damaged from oxidative stress due to insufficient glu..to inactivate oxidants, hits older cells.
Definition
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). Normocytic, extravascular hemolysis
Term
hemolytic anemia occurs due to stress. Smear: spherical cells (poikilocytosis and anisocytosis). Heinz bodies and bite cells.
Definition
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). Normocytic, extravascular hemolysis
Term
Hereditary point mutation in beta globulin gene of hemoglobin molecule.
Definition
Sickle Cell Anemia
Normocytic, extravascular hemolysis
Term
a proportion of hemoglobin is normal and a proportion is abnormal (HbS)
Definition
sickle cell trait (heterozygous)
Term
All hemoglobin is abnormal HbS
Definition
Sickle cell disease
Term
Vaso-occlusive crisis, tissue hypoxia and pain, enlarged spleen, in crisis: erythrocyte survival is 10-20 days
Definition
Sickle Cell Anemia
Normocytic, extravascular hemolysis
Term
Failure or suppression of multipotent myeloid stem cells leading to pancytopenia.
Definition
Aplastic Anemia
Normocytic, normochromic, Decreased prod
Term
Idiopathic: Immune mediated suppression (65-80%) autoimmune attack by T cells on marrow stem cells
Definition
Aplastic Anemia IDIOPATHIC
Normocytic, normochromic, Decreased prod
Term
Drugs, chemicals, radiation damages stem cells and inhibits stem cell proliferation and causes what type of anemia
Definition
Aplastic Anemia-- ACQUIRED
Normocytic, normochromic, Decreased prod
Term
Pancytopenia, absence of splenic enlargment, marrow accellular, petichia and purpura
Definition
Aplastic Anemia
Normocytic, normochromic, Decreased prod
Term
production of interferon and TNFa that decreases erythropoietin production and inhibits release of iron: mild anemia, low iron levels, high ferritin levels, low erythropoietin
Definition
Anemia of Chronic Disease
normo, or micro, decreased RBC production
Term
Deficient Hemoglobin synthesis causes what types of anemia
Definition
Microcytic
Term
What types of anemias are these:
Alpha and beta thallassemias and Iron deficiency anemia,
Definition
Microcytic, hypocromic anemias
Term
Reduced synthesis of B globins to total absence of B-globin chains. fewer molecules of Hgb formed. damages erythroblast membrane, apoptosis of defective RBC precursor in marrow, lysis of mature red cells in spleen
Definition
Thalassemia, Beta, microcytic due to insufficient hemoglobin
Term
Severe anemia requiring blood transfusions, smear: abnormal size and shape, INCREASED RETICS, NORMOBLASTS, splenomegaly
Definition
Beta Thalssemia, microcytic due to decreased production of Hgb
Term
Lack of Iron to make Heme, most common anemia world wide
Definition
Iron Deficiency anemia
microcytic-decreased hgb production
Term
Deficiency of iron inhibits globin synthesis, from low intake, impaired absorption
Definition
Iron deficiency Anemia
microcytic
Term
RBC's pale, smaller, abnormal size and shape, decreased retics, pica, low ferritin (Diagnostic) high TIBC
Definition
Iron deficiency Anemia
microcytic
Term
What type of anemias cause Large, immature and poor functioning RBC's?
Definition
Macrocytic
Term
What type of anemias are:
General Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Pernicious anemia
Decreased folic acid
Definition
Macrocytic: impaired DNA synthesis, RBC do not mature/delayed. macrocytic, normochromic anemias
Term
Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells
Definition
Pernicious anemia
Macrocytic
Term
possible anitbodies to parietal cell membrane proteins, possible antibodies of intrinsic factor and/ vit B12 complex, inflammatory response to immune process
Definition
causes of Pernicious anemia
Macrocytic
Term
Anemia, Low serum B12 levels. SCHILLING test, large ovoid megaloblasts in bone marrow.
Definition
Pernicious anemia
Macrocytic
Term
Smear: few reticulocytes Howell-Jolly godies, perietal cell atrophy, NUMBNESS< TINGLING, loss of balance
Definition
Pernicious anemia
Macrocytic
Term
Needed for normal RBC production, what nutrient?
Definition
Folic Acid
Term
Smear: few retics, nucleated RBCs, hypersegmented neutrophils, marrow: large ovoid megoblasts, Lowe serum folate
Definition
Decreased folic acid
macrocytic anemia
Term
too few white blood cells
Definition
lymphopenia, agranulocytosis, neutropenia
Aplastic anemia, chemo drugs, immune destruction, splenic destruction
Term
Too many white blood cell disorders
Definition
Leukocytosis, leukemias, lymphomas, lymphocytic leukemias, plasma cell neoplasms
Term
Increased WBC activity, released from bone marrow, demargination from vessel walls, Reactive Inflammatory Status
Definition
leukocytosis, caused by microbial and non microbrial
White cell disorders
Term
infected B cells become activated to secrete antibodies including herophil antibodies, makes antibodies against EBV, Memory B cells persist for life. Cytotoxic T (TD8) and NK cells specific to EBV
Definition
lymphocytosis--infectious mono
White cell disorders
Term
leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly.
Definition
Lymphocytosis-infectious mono, CD8+ cytotoxic T cell
white cell disorder
Term
Most common lymphomas of adults derived from a single transformed cell. Most are of B origin
Definition
Lymphoid neoplasm
white cell disorder
Term
Most common lymphomas of adults derived from a single transformed cell. Most are of B origin
Definition
Lymphoid neoplasm
white cell disorder
Term
composed of cells that resemble normal stages of lymphatic differentiation
Definition
Lymphoid neoplasm
white cell disorder
Term
tumors that primarily involve bone marrow with spillage of neoplastic cells into blood
Definition
Leukemias
white cell disorders
Term
General characteristics of ?:
undifferentiated or immature cells, usually blast cell from myeloid or lymphoid, not functional cells. differentiation is blocked. Onset abrupt and rapid , short survival
Definition
Acute lymphomas and leukemias
white cell disorders
Term
general characteristics of?:
cells differentiated, more mature, somewhat functional but not normal, slow onset long duration
Definition
Chronic lymphomas and leukemias
white cell disorder
Term
General clinical manisfestations of?:
splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy. edema, constitutional sx., from increased # of metabolically active cells that release cytokines (Il-1 and TNFa). lymphocytes are dysfuctional
Definition
General clinical of Lymphoid neoplasms, all have potential to spread to lymph nodes and tissues, esp liver, spleen and marrow.
Term
Common clinical manisfestations of ?:
High WBC, neutropenia due to stem cell suppression (infections, fever), anemia, decrease erythropoietin production, bone pain, enlarged spleen, liver, nodes. constitutional sx,
Definition
Common clinical manisfestations of leukemias
Term
tumors that produce masses in involved nodes or tissues-general term
Definition
lymphoma
Term
Neoplasm from germinal center B cell(in nodes)presents at single site, orderly spread,no extranodal involvement. Mutant B cell growth from SINGLE node, above diaphragm
Definition
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
white cell disorder
Term
Reed-Sternberg giant cells, painless enlarged nodes, staging: I and II 90% survival, III and IV 60-70%
Definition
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
white cell disorder
Term
tumors of neoplastic lymphoid cells (non RS) spread thru body including marrow. Present at specific tissue site. in peripheral nodes, non-orderly spread
Definition
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
white cell disorder
Term
Genetic mutation of B or T cell during development , tissue site and clinical manisfestations depend on what B or T cell gene was transformed.
Definition
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
white cell disorder
Term
malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated plasma cell, originates from B cell clone that changes into plasma cells that secrete complete or partial immunogammaglobin
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder
Term
adults between 50 and 60, males, blacks, farmers, petros, cosmetologists. Herpes.
myeloma plasma cells accumulate in bone marrow (DISEASE CHARACTERISTIC). fibroblasts and macrophages in marrow produce IL6 that stimulates neoplastic plasma cells to proliferate
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder
Term
Excessive numbers of single type of immunoglobulin, usually G or A, but do not work. mutated called Serum M protein. BENCE-JONES proteins
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder
Term
Bence_Jones proteins toxic to kidneys. plasma cells secrete oseoclast-activating factors.
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder
Term
punched out bone, bone pain, hypercalcemia,infections, pancytopenia, smear: myeloma cells
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder
Term
PRE-B, T cell neoplasm, 80% B cell origin. blocks differentiation, leads to too many immature leukemic blasts in marrow, suppresses normal hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow failure
Definition
Acute Lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder
children, young adults
Term
Pre-B cell involvement: too many undifferentiated B lymphoblasts in marrow, ejected into blood and they accumulate in liver, spleen, nodes. If a pre-T cell it is already in theymus
Definition
Acute Lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm
children, young adults
Term
rapid onset, smear: lymphoid blast cells, anemia, thrombocytopenia, marrow high in lymphoid blast cells, bone pain,liver, spleen and node enlargement
Definition
Acute lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder-lymphoid neoplasm
children and adults
Term
Neoplasm of MATURE B cells, unable to become plasma cells, no antibodies, more males, common among 50-60 yrs
Definition
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm
Term
develops slowly, asymptomatic, smear: WBC 200,000 up to; SMUDGE cells, small round lymphocytes. hypogammaglobulinemia, anemia, enlarged spleen and nodes 50%, easy fatigue, weight loss
Definition
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm
Term
Smudge cells
Definition
CLL
Term
Lymphoid blast cells
Definition
ALL
Term
Neoplasm of myeloid stem cells, marrow failure caused by replacement of normal cells by leukemic blasts.Arrested cellular differentiation. ADULTS >60 (50%), due to toxins, genetics
Definition
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
myeloid neoplasm tumor, white cell disorder
Term
smear: >20% early myeloid cells: diagnostic. blood has increased blasts, decreased normal WBC, RBC and platelets
Definition
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
myeloid neoplasm tumor, white cell disorder: ADULTS
Term
Neoplasm of immature granulocytes but MORE DIFFerentiated/mature than the other form similar. Adults 25-60. from radiation, chemicals. PHILADELPHIA chromosome
Definition
Chronic Lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm
Term
Philadelphia chromosome, smear marked leukocytosis. splenomegaly, increased hematopoiesis.3 stages: chronic/stable, accelerated, acute/blast crisis. SLOW progression
Definition
Chronic Lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm
Term
Acute > 60 years old
Chronic 25-60 years
Philadelphia chromosome
Definition
Myelogenous leukemias
Term
Howell-Jolly bodies, spherocytes w/o central zone of pallor
Definition
Hereditary spherocytosis
Term
spherical cells, heinz bodies and bite cells
Definition
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency anemia
Term
Sickled cells on smear, increased retics
Definition
Sickle Cell anemia
Term
anisocytosis, ppoikilocytosis, inceased retics, normoblasts, enlarged spleen, liver osteoporsis
Definition
Thalassemias
Term
Low ferritin counts
Definition
Fe deficiency anemia
Term
Positive Schilling test. Howell-Jolly bodies, numbness, tingling, loss of balance
Definition
Pernicious anemia
Term
few retics, nucleated RBC's, hypersegmented neutrophils, Large Ovoid Megoblasts in marrow
Definition
Folic acid deficiency anemia
Term
Reed-Sternberg giant cells
Definition
Hodgkin's
Term
Bence-Jones proteins
Definition
Multiple Myelomas
Term
decreased production of platelets, increased platelet destruction, infection/chemo, radiation, inherited
Definition
Thrombocytopenia-too few platelets
coagulation disorder
Term
Endothelial Injury, Alterations in normal flow and hypercoagulability: what type of abnormal thrombosis is this?
Definition
Virchow's Triad
Term
Immunologically mediated destructin of platelets after drug ingestion
Definition
Drug induced thrombocytopenia, too few platelets
Term
heparin binds to cirulating platelet protein-platelet factor 4, haptens. prolonged clotting time. endothelial damage
Definition
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
Term
general clinical manisfestations:
Low platelet count (5-7 days if drugs), bruising, petechiae, blood nose, prolonged bleeding time, can have paradoxical clotting if heparin induced
Definition
Thrombocytopenia-low platelets
Term
May be acquired by liver disease or low Vitamin K, or hereditary from hemophilias or Von willerand
Definition
Clotting Factor Deficiencies
platelet disorder
Term
Factor VIII deficiency
Definition
Hemophilia A
Term
Facotr IX deficiency
Definition
Hemophilia B
Term
decrease in Factor VIII, defective platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen. spontaneous, prolonged bleeding
Definition
von Willebrand Disease
Term
consumption of platelets, fibrin, coag factors, then activation of fibrinolytic mechanisms. Leads to formation of fibrin degradation products that inhibit platelet aggregation. Widespread fibrin in microcirculation
Definition
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Term
IgE production, Activation of Th2 cells by antigen.previous exposure to antigen. B cells developed.
Definition
Type I hypersensitivity
Term
IgE mediated immune response
Definition
Type I hypersensitivity
Term
Activated by: C3a and C5a complement components -anaphylactoxins, antigen cross links IgE-Fc receptors
Definition
Type I hypersensitivity
Term
Releases AA when late phase responses.
Activated by C3a and C5a (anaphylactoxins)
Definition
Mast cells in Type I hypersensitivity
Term
B cells have surface IgE-Fc receptors, and contain cytoplamic granules
Definition
Basophils in Type I hypersensitivity
Term
Early phase occurs in 5-30 min. Histamine causes vasodilation, permeability, increased kinens smooth muscle spasm. Antigen also presented to T cells and Th2 stimulates B cells to secrete more IgE
Definition
Type I hypersensitivity
Term
Late Phase Response: Inflammation. 2-8 hours, caused by recruited neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocyte and T cells. Eosinophils proinflammatory
Definition
Type I hypersensitivity
Term
allergic rhinitis, hay fever, asthma, food allergies, allergic drug reactions, anaphylaxis with explosive degranulation of mast cells/basophils
Definition
Type I hypersensitivity
Term
Humoral antibody response to antigens on cell membranes
Definition
Type II hypersensitivity
Term
Immune-complex mediated reactions
Definition
Type III hypersensitivity
Term
Cell-mediated immune response
Definition
Type IV hypersensitivity
Term
cell injury and inflammation from binding of IgG or IgM antibodies to antigen on cell surfaces
Definition
Type II hypersensitivity
Term
Opsonization and phagocytosis occurs in which type hypersensitivity? antibody binds to CELL SURFACE antigen--complement--C3 opsonizes cell surface, phagocytosis, cell loss: transfusion rx, autoimmune hemolytic anemai
Definition
Type II
Term
Inflammation and Injury in what type of hypersensitivity? antibody binding to antigen C1, activates neutrophils/monocytes. Tissue injury and inflammation (glomerulonephritis)
Definition
Type II hypersens
Term
Celluar dysfuction, antibodies directed against cell surface RECEPTORS, impairs their funcitn (graves)
Definition
Type II hypersens
Term
anitgen/antibody complexes formed in cirulation then deposited in tissues.
Definition
Type III hypersensitivity
Term
Activation of complement cascade (IgG to antigen at C1), inflammatin occurs in phase 3 (lupus)
Definition
Type III hypersensitivity
Term
T-cell mediated, causes tissue injury. Th1 subtype. cytokines induce inflammation. (poison ivy, TB test) Delayed type
Definition
Type IV hypersensitivity
Term
Direct cell cytotoxicity: sensitized T8 lymphocytes kill antigen bearing cells (transplant rejection)
Definition
Type IV hypersensitivity
Term
Failure of T and B cell tolerance to intercellular self-antigens
Definition
Lupus
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