Term
| Failure of T and B cell tolerance to intercellular self-antigens (don't recognize intercellular products as self) |
|
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| B cells produce autoantibodies against intercellular products (Antinuclear Antibodies) |
|
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Circulating auto-antibodies are deposited in blood vessels, especially kidneys and lungs |
|
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Smith (Sm) antigen is diagnostic, antibodies to double stranded DNA |
|
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Chronic with scacerbations and remission, exacerbations reflect immunologic memory |
|
Definition
Lupus
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune disease with lymphocyticd infiltration and fibrosis of lacrimal and salivary glands |
|
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| CD4_ Helper T cells do not recognize self lacrimal and salivary glandular cells |
|
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| CD8 T cell induces apoptosis of ductal and acinar epithelial cells |
|
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| decrease in tears, dry eyes, decrease in saliva, dry mouth, difficulty swallowing |
|
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Excessive collagen deposition in skin and internal organs |
|
Definition
Scleroderma
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| T4 cell response to unknown antigen in the skin--release of cytokines and inflammatory response, then UP REGULATES fibroblast activation--excessive collagen, causes microvascular injury, fibrosis and tissue ischemia |
|
Definition
Scleroderma
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Fibrosis of dermis and subq tissue, sclerodactyly, fingers curl, raynauds. fibrosis of lung, GI |
|
Definition
Scleroderma
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune initiated inflammation of connective tissue and muscle fibers |
|
Definition
Inflammatory myopathies (dermatomyositis, polymyositis, inclusion-body myositis)
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Myocyte injury/necrosis from inflammatory response and ischemia, injured by CD4+ T cells and B cells, muscle weakness of PROXIMAL muscles, muscle degeneration |
|
Definition
Inflammatory myopathies
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Chronic inflammatory joint disease, disk spaces, vertebral ligaments. Genetic. |
|
Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| T cell activation against unknown axial antigen, develop antibodies against axial joint elements. leads to calcifications and ossification of bony growths. Low back pain, stiffness, decreased spinal mobility |
|
Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Inflammatino of the blood vessel wall |
|
Definition
Vasculitis
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| antigen/antibody complexes deposited in subendothelium of blood vessels of skin, joints and kidney. Causes cell injury |
|
Definition
Non-infectious Vasculitis
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCAs)-autoantibodies directed against neutrophil cytoplasm, release ROS that injure endothelial cells, OR anti-endothelial cell antibodies |
|
Definition
Non-infectious Vasculitis
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| IL-1, TNF alpha constitutional sx. Large/med arteries: facial pain, HA, ocular sx. cardiac ischemia. SM arteries: necrotizing vasculities, glomerulonephritis, rash, purpura skin lesions, ANCA autoantibody POS |
|
Definition
Non-infectious Vasculitis
autoimmunity disorder |
|
|
Term
| Chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that primarily attachs joints |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune |
|
|
Term
| CD4 T cell mediated to unknown antigen--then activates B cell production against autoantibodies called RF's, RF targets self IgM and/ or self IgG |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune |
|
|
Term
| Autoantibody/antigen complex deposited in synovial membranes--inures tissues and continues immune response |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune |
|
|
Term
| CD4 T-cell release of cytokines starts inflammatory response that self-peretuates, fibroblast activation. cytokines: Il-1,6,8, TNF alpha and GMCSF, cartilage and bone destruction, scar tissue in joints |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune |
|
|
Term
| CD4 T cells and synovial cells activate osteoclasts that promote bone destruction |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune |
|
|
Term
| Fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, diaphoreses, anemia, vasculitis. All related to systemic inflammation RT what two cytokines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| joint stiffness, deformity, atrophy of nearby muscles and bone, contractures, increased lymph tissue |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammatory and/or autoimmune |
|
|
Term
| High uric acid levels, overproduction of high intake protein, can be genetic, urate crystal induced inflammation of synovial joints |
|
Definition
Gout
Inflammatory Disorders |
|
|
Term
| Phagocytosis by macrophages releases pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Il-1 and TNF alpha, classic complement pathway starts, hageman facotr, kinen factor, Severe acute pain, swelling, warmth toe, foot ankle |
|
Definition
Gout
Inflammatory disorder |
|
|
Term
| Degeneration of articular cartilage, due to aging, mechanical stress, genetics, cartilage matrix degrades., cell injury due to TNFa, Il-1 release: inflammation |
|
Definition
Osteoporosis
Inflammatory disorder |
|
|
Term
| loss of smooth cartilage surface, joint pain, decreased ROM, non-symmetrical joints, heberdens nodes-distal metatarsal joints |
|
Definition
Osteoporosis
Inflammatory disorder |
|
|
Term
| Extracellular deposits of fibrillar proteins cause tissue damage and functional compromise, forms from abnormal folding of protein, aggregates, deposited between cells in tissues and organs |
|
Definition
Amyloidosis
Inflammatory disorder |
|
|
Term
| Type of immune deficiency: rare, genetically determined and effects either T and/or B cell development/function, manifested between 6 mo and 2 years by recurrent bacterial infections |
|
Definition
| Primary Immune Deficiencies |
|
|
Term
| Infects cells with CD4 cell surface receptor molecules that allow entry. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These tests all test for ?
Rapid antibody test
ELISA test
Western Blot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High affinity against CD4T, but also effects T cell, monocytes/macrophages, and dendrites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the core of the HIV virus inserted? |
|
Definition
| CD4+ T cell. Viral core is uncoated adn viral RNA is released into target cell's cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| reverse transcriptase enzyme converts this virus's RNA into double stranded DNA (cDNA) that enters the nucleus of the CD4+ cell. It stays until activated by antigen or cytokines. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When infected T cells are activated what does the HIV DNA instruct the cell to do? |
|
Definition
| make many copies that leave the nucleus and enters cytoplasm, spliced into viral enzymes that combine with proteins for new viron. HIV |
|
|
Term
| On cells without CD4 receptors, how does HIV enter? |
|
Definition
| Fc receptors are the target for HIV |
|
|
Term
| CD4+ T cell death occurs from what with HIV infection? |
|
Definition
| productive infection, viral replication and budding causes CD4 T cell death |
|
|
Term
HIV phase? initial high levels of virus production, widespread seeding
Can measure viral load. Constitutional sx. Seroconversion to antibodies takes 3-7 weeks |
|
Definition
| Acute or Early Phase of natural history of HIV |
|
|
Term
| HIV phase? Colonization of lymphoid tissue and HIV replication. lasts 5-10 yrs. CD4T decline due to HIV-mediated destructino of CD4T lymphocytes, Tc destruction, apoptosis of unaffected T cells, marrow suppression. |
|
Definition
| Chronic Phase/latency period of HIV |
|
|
Term
| What phase of HIV? CD8 cells initially incrase, and with continued loss of T4, decreased CD8. B cells: hypergammaglovulinemia, increased circulating immmune complexes. platelets destroyed by antibodies |
|
Definition
| Chronic Phase/Latency Period (5-10 years) |
|
|
Term
| What stage of HIV? opportunistic infections and neoplasm, constitutional sx. lymphadenopathy, Low CD4+ cell counts, Viral load (HIV-1 RNA; best marker for disease progression) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RBC's normal size and color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Types of what?:
Loss of RBC's (ex:hemorrhage), increased RBC destruction (hemolytic anemia)
decreased RBC production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased RBC destruction due to intravascular hemolysis (breakdown of RBC's in circulating blood. caused by mechanical injury, complement fixation (transfusion rx), malria |
|
Definition
Hemolytic Anemia due to intravascular
Normocytic |
|
|
Term
| Normochromic, normocytic anemia, erythropoiesis, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinurea, hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, |
|
Definition
Hemolytic Anemia due to intravascular
Normocytic |
|
|
Term
| deficiency in membrane of cytoskeletal proteins on inside of RBC lipid cell surface, RBC membrane breaks in tight spaces, RBC spherical, splenomegaly, jaundice Smear: no central zone of pallor, Howell-Jolly bodies, retics |
|
Definition
Hereditary sperocytosis NORMOCYTIC
Hemolytic Anemia (RBC destruction) due to Extravascular hemolysis, trapped in spleen |
|
|
Term
| Genetic defect of enzyme required for glutathione (antioxidant) production. RBC's damaged from oxidative stress due to insufficient glu..to inactivate oxidants, hits older cells. |
|
Definition
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). Normocytic, extravascular hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| hemolytic anemia occurs due to stress. Smear: spherical cells (poikilocytosis and anisocytosis). Heinz bodies and bite cells. |
|
Definition
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). Normocytic, extravascular hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary point mutation in beta globulin gene of hemoglobin molecule. |
|
Definition
Sickle Cell Anemia
Normocytic, extravascular hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| a proportion of hemoglobin is normal and a proportion is abnormal (HbS) |
|
Definition
| sickle cell trait (heterozygous) |
|
|
Term
| All hemoglobin is abnormal HbS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vaso-occlusive crisis, tissue hypoxia and pain, enlarged spleen, in crisis: erythrocyte survival is 10-20 days |
|
Definition
Sickle Cell Anemia
Normocytic, extravascular hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| Failure or suppression of multipotent myeloid stem cells leading to pancytopenia. |
|
Definition
Aplastic Anemia
Normocytic, normochromic, Decreased prod |
|
|
Term
| Idiopathic: Immune mediated suppression (65-80%) autoimmune attack by T cells on marrow stem cells |
|
Definition
Aplastic Anemia IDIOPATHIC
Normocytic, normochromic, Decreased prod |
|
|
Term
| Drugs, chemicals, radiation damages stem cells and inhibits stem cell proliferation and causes what type of anemia |
|
Definition
Aplastic Anemia-- ACQUIRED
Normocytic, normochromic, Decreased prod |
|
|
Term
| Pancytopenia, absence of splenic enlargment, marrow accellular, petichia and purpura |
|
Definition
Aplastic Anemia
Normocytic, normochromic, Decreased prod |
|
|
Term
| production of interferon and TNFa that decreases erythropoietin production and inhibits release of iron: mild anemia, low iron levels, high ferritin levels, low erythropoietin |
|
Definition
Anemia of Chronic Disease
normo, or micro, decreased RBC production |
|
|
Term
| Deficient Hemoglobin synthesis causes what types of anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What types of anemias are these:
Alpha and beta thallassemias and Iron deficiency anemia, |
|
Definition
| Microcytic, hypocromic anemias |
|
|
Term
| Reduced synthesis of B globins to total absence of B-globin chains. fewer molecules of Hgb formed. damages erythroblast membrane, apoptosis of defective RBC precursor in marrow, lysis of mature red cells in spleen |
|
Definition
| Thalassemia, Beta, microcytic due to insufficient hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| Severe anemia requiring blood transfusions, smear: abnormal size and shape, INCREASED RETICS, NORMOBLASTS, splenomegaly |
|
Definition
| Beta Thalssemia, microcytic due to decreased production of Hgb |
|
|
Term
| Lack of Iron to make Heme, most common anemia world wide |
|
Definition
Iron Deficiency anemia
microcytic-decreased hgb production |
|
|
Term
| Deficiency of iron inhibits globin synthesis, from low intake, impaired absorption |
|
Definition
Iron deficiency Anemia
microcytic |
|
|
Term
| RBC's pale, smaller, abnormal size and shape, decreased retics, pica, low ferritin (Diagnostic) high TIBC |
|
Definition
Iron deficiency Anemia
microcytic |
|
|
Term
| What type of anemias cause Large, immature and poor functioning RBC's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of anemias are:
General Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Pernicious anemia
Decreased folic acid |
|
Definition
| Macrocytic: impaired DNA synthesis, RBC do not mature/delayed. macrocytic, normochromic anemias |
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells |
|
Definition
Pernicious anemia
Macrocytic |
|
|
Term
| possible anitbodies to parietal cell membrane proteins, possible antibodies of intrinsic factor and/ vit B12 complex, inflammatory response to immune process |
|
Definition
causes of Pernicious anemia
Macrocytic |
|
|
Term
| Anemia, Low serum B12 levels. SCHILLING test, large ovoid megaloblasts in bone marrow. |
|
Definition
Pernicious anemia
Macrocytic |
|
|
Term
| Smear: few reticulocytes Howell-Jolly godies, perietal cell atrophy, NUMBNESS< TINGLING, loss of balance |
|
Definition
Pernicious anemia
Macrocytic |
|
|
Term
| Needed for normal RBC production, what nutrient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smear: few retics, nucleated RBCs, hypersegmented neutrophils, marrow: large ovoid megoblasts, Lowe serum folate |
|
Definition
Decreased folic acid
macrocytic anemia |
|
|
Term
| too few white blood cells |
|
Definition
lymphopenia, agranulocytosis, neutropenia
Aplastic anemia, chemo drugs, immune destruction, splenic destruction |
|
|
Term
| Too many white blood cell disorders |
|
Definition
| Leukocytosis, leukemias, lymphomas, lymphocytic leukemias, plasma cell neoplasms |
|
|
Term
| Increased WBC activity, released from bone marrow, demargination from vessel walls, Reactive Inflammatory Status |
|
Definition
leukocytosis, caused by microbial and non microbrial
White cell disorders |
|
|
Term
| infected B cells become activated to secrete antibodies including herophil antibodies, makes antibodies against EBV, Memory B cells persist for life. Cytotoxic T (TD8) and NK cells specific to EBV |
|
Definition
lymphocytosis--infectious mono
White cell disorders |
|
|
Term
| leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly. |
|
Definition
Lymphocytosis-infectious mono, CD8+ cytotoxic T cell
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| Most common lymphomas of adults derived from a single transformed cell. Most are of B origin |
|
Definition
Lymphoid neoplasm
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| Most common lymphomas of adults derived from a single transformed cell. Most are of B origin |
|
Definition
Lymphoid neoplasm
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| composed of cells that resemble normal stages of lymphatic differentiation |
|
Definition
Lymphoid neoplasm
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| tumors that primarily involve bone marrow with spillage of neoplastic cells into blood |
|
Definition
Leukemias
white cell disorders |
|
|
Term
General characteristics of ?:
undifferentiated or immature cells, usually blast cell from myeloid or lymphoid, not functional cells. differentiation is blocked. Onset abrupt and rapid , short survival |
|
Definition
Acute lymphomas and leukemias
white cell disorders |
|
|
Term
general characteristics of?:
cells differentiated, more mature, somewhat functional but not normal, slow onset long duration |
|
Definition
Chronic lymphomas and leukemias
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
General clinical manisfestations of?:
splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy. edema, constitutional sx., from increased # of metabolically active cells that release cytokines (Il-1 and TNFa). lymphocytes are dysfuctional |
|
Definition
| General clinical of Lymphoid neoplasms, all have potential to spread to lymph nodes and tissues, esp liver, spleen and marrow. |
|
|
Term
Common clinical manisfestations of ?:
High WBC, neutropenia due to stem cell suppression (infections, fever), anemia, decrease erythropoietin production, bone pain, enlarged spleen, liver, nodes. constitutional sx, |
|
Definition
| Common clinical manisfestations of leukemias |
|
|
Term
| tumors that produce masses in involved nodes or tissues-general term |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neoplasm from germinal center B cell(in nodes)presents at single site, orderly spread,no extranodal involvement. Mutant B cell growth from SINGLE node, above diaphragm |
|
Definition
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| Reed-Sternberg giant cells, painless enlarged nodes, staging: I and II 90% survival, III and IV 60-70% |
|
Definition
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| tumors of neoplastic lymphoid cells (non RS) spread thru body including marrow. Present at specific tissue site. in peripheral nodes, non-orderly spread |
|
Definition
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| Genetic mutation of B or T cell during development , tissue site and clinical manisfestations depend on what B or T cell gene was transformed. |
|
Definition
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated plasma cell, originates from B cell clone that changes into plasma cells that secrete complete or partial immunogammaglobin |
|
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
adults between 50 and 60, males, blacks, farmers, petros, cosmetologists. Herpes.
myeloma plasma cells accumulate in bone marrow (DISEASE CHARACTERISTIC). fibroblasts and macrophages in marrow produce IL6 that stimulates neoplastic plasma cells to proliferate |
|
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| Excessive numbers of single type of immunoglobulin, usually G or A, but do not work. mutated called Serum M protein. BENCE-JONES proteins |
|
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| Bence_Jones proteins toxic to kidneys. plasma cells secrete oseoclast-activating factors. |
|
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| punched out bone, bone pain, hypercalcemia,infections, pancytopenia, smear: myeloma cells |
|
Definition
Multiple Myeloma
white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| PRE-B, T cell neoplasm, 80% B cell origin. blocks differentiation, leads to too many immature leukemic blasts in marrow, suppresses normal hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow failure |
|
Definition
Acute Lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder
children, young adults |
|
|
Term
| Pre-B cell involvement: too many undifferentiated B lymphoblasts in marrow, ejected into blood and they accumulate in liver, spleen, nodes. If a pre-T cell it is already in theymus |
|
Definition
Acute Lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm
children, young adults |
|
|
Term
| rapid onset, smear: lymphoid blast cells, anemia, thrombocytopenia, marrow high in lymphoid blast cells, bone pain,liver, spleen and node enlargement |
|
Definition
Acute lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder-lymphoid neoplasm
children and adults |
|
|
Term
| Neoplasm of MATURE B cells, unable to become plasma cells, no antibodies, more males, common among 50-60 yrs |
|
Definition
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm |
|
|
Term
| develops slowly, asymptomatic, smear: WBC 200,000 up to; SMUDGE cells, small round lymphocytes. hypogammaglobulinemia, anemia, enlarged spleen and nodes 50%, easy fatigue, weight loss |
|
Definition
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neoplasm of myeloid stem cells, marrow failure caused by replacement of normal cells by leukemic blasts.Arrested cellular differentiation. ADULTS >60 (50%), due to toxins, genetics |
|
Definition
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
myeloid neoplasm tumor, white cell disorder |
|
|
Term
| smear: >20% early myeloid cells: diagnostic. blood has increased blasts, decreased normal WBC, RBC and platelets |
|
Definition
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
myeloid neoplasm tumor, white cell disorder: ADULTS |
|
|
Term
| Neoplasm of immature granulocytes but MORE DIFFerentiated/mature than the other form similar. Adults 25-60. from radiation, chemicals. PHILADELPHIA chromosome |
|
Definition
Chronic Lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm |
|
|
Term
| Philadelphia chromosome, smear marked leukocytosis. splenomegaly, increased hematopoiesis.3 stages: chronic/stable, accelerated, acute/blast crisis. SLOW progression |
|
Definition
Chronic Lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
white cell disorder, lymphoid neoplasm |
|
|
Term
Acute > 60 years old
Chronic 25-60 years
Philadelphia chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Howell-Jolly bodies, spherocytes w/o central zone of pallor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spherical cells, heinz bodies and bite cells |
|
Definition
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency anemia |
|
|
Term
| Sickled cells on smear, increased retics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anisocytosis, ppoikilocytosis, inceased retics, normoblasts, enlarged spleen, liver osteoporsis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive Schilling test. Howell-Jolly bodies, numbness, tingling, loss of balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| few retics, nucleated RBC's, hypersegmented neutrophils, Large Ovoid Megoblasts in marrow |
|
Definition
| Folic acid deficiency anemia |
|
|
Term
| Reed-Sternberg giant cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decreased production of platelets, increased platelet destruction, infection/chemo, radiation, inherited |
|
Definition
Thrombocytopenia-too few platelets
coagulation disorder |
|
|
Term
| Endothelial Injury, Alterations in normal flow and hypercoagulability: what type of abnormal thrombosis is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immunologically mediated destructin of platelets after drug ingestion |
|
Definition
| Drug induced thrombocytopenia, too few platelets |
|
|
Term
| heparin binds to cirulating platelet protein-platelet factor 4, haptens. prolonged clotting time. endothelial damage |
|
Definition
| Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
general clinical manisfestations:
Low platelet count (5-7 days if drugs), bruising, petechiae, blood nose, prolonged bleeding time, can have paradoxical clotting if heparin induced |
|
Definition
| Thrombocytopenia-low platelets |
|
|
Term
| May be acquired by liver disease or low Vitamin K, or hereditary from hemophilias or Von willerand |
|
Definition
Clotting Factor Deficiencies
platelet disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decrease in Factor VIII, defective platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen. spontaneous, prolonged bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| consumption of platelets, fibrin, coag factors, then activation of fibrinolytic mechanisms. Leads to formation of fibrin degradation products that inhibit platelet aggregation. Widespread fibrin in microcirculation |
|
Definition
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
|
|
Term
| IgE production, Activation of Th2 cells by antigen.previous exposure to antigen. B cells developed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IgE mediated immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activated by: C3a and C5a complement components -anaphylactoxins, antigen cross links IgE-Fc receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Releases AA when late phase responses.
Activated by C3a and C5a (anaphylactoxins) |
|
Definition
| Mast cells in Type I hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| B cells have surface IgE-Fc receptors, and contain cytoplamic granules |
|
Definition
| Basophils in Type I hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Early phase occurs in 5-30 min. Histamine causes vasodilation, permeability, increased kinens smooth muscle spasm. Antigen also presented to T cells and Th2 stimulates B cells to secrete more IgE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Late Phase Response: Inflammation. 2-8 hours, caused by recruited neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocyte and T cells. Eosinophils proinflammatory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| allergic rhinitis, hay fever, asthma, food allergies, allergic drug reactions, anaphylaxis with explosive degranulation of mast cells/basophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Humoral antibody response to antigens on cell membranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immune-complex mediated reactions |
|
Definition
| Type III hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Cell-mediated immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cell injury and inflammation from binding of IgG or IgM antibodies to antigen on cell surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opsonization and phagocytosis occurs in which type hypersensitivity? antibody binds to CELL SURFACE antigen--complement--C3 opsonizes cell surface, phagocytosis, cell loss: transfusion rx, autoimmune hemolytic anemai |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation and Injury in what type of hypersensitivity? antibody binding to antigen C1, activates neutrophils/monocytes. Tissue injury and inflammation (glomerulonephritis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Celluar dysfuction, antibodies directed against cell surface RECEPTORS, impairs their funcitn (graves) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anitgen/antibody complexes formed in cirulation then deposited in tissues. |
|
Definition
| Type III hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Activation of complement cascade (IgG to antigen at C1), inflammatin occurs in phase 3 (lupus) |
|
Definition
| Type III hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| T-cell mediated, causes tissue injury. Th1 subtype. cytokines induce inflammation. (poison ivy, TB test) Delayed type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct cell cytotoxicity: sensitized T8 lymphocytes kill antigen bearing cells (transplant rejection) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of T and B cell tolerance to intercellular self-antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
