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| Any type of information packaged in numerical form |
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Collection of individuals or objects
Population isn't who they ask, but who they intend to apply it to |
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| ho many individuals are there in that population |
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| The process of collecting date by going through every member of the population |
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| Sampling Proportion (ratio) |
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Sample size divided by population
(n/N)
Size of sample: n
Population: N |
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| Practical alternative of a census when you collect data from not all the member |
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HAVE to ask questions.
Want to weigh teens? Ask them |
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Broad.
Want to weigh teens? Actually weigh them |
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| subgroup chosen to collect data |
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Distinguish the population for which the survey applies
Who you want to ask |
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Actual subset of the population from which the sample will be drawn
Who you actually ask |
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| Percentage of respondents out of the total sample |
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| When people don't respond |
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| Sample is what is easiest for the data collector |
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| Systematic effort to force the sample to be representative of a given population through the use of quota |
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| Sampling methods that use randomness as part of their decision |
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Most basic form of random sampling
Problem isn't picking, it's getting everybody in there to start with |
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Break the sampling bream into categories called strata
Unlike quota sampling, a sample from the strata is chosen randomly |
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| Describe any kind of numerical information drawn from a sample |
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| Statistic is always an estimate for some unknown measure of the population. Parameter is only achievable to be exact through a census |
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The difference between a parameter and a statistic used to estimate that parameter
P-S=(+/-)X |
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| Results of the basic fact that a sample, being just a sample, can only give us approximate information about the population |
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| Different samples are likely to produce different statistics for the same population, even then samples are chosen in exactly the same way |
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| Results of choosing a bad sample and is much more serious problem than chance error |
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| (tagged/N[population])=(tagged/n[sample]) |
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| All other possible contributing causes |
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| The subjects are divided into two groups. The treatment group and the control group |
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| Consists of those subjects that are receiving the actual treatment |
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Consists of those subjects that are not receiving any treatment
Comparison Group |
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| The subjects are assigned to the treatment group of the control group randomly (typically by a computer program) |
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| Just the idea that one is getting a treatment can produce positive results |
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| Make-believe form of treatment |
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| A controlled study in which the subjects in the control group are given a placebo |
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| A study in which neither the members of the treatment group not the members of the control group know which of the two groups they belong to |
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| A controlled placebo study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists conducting the experiment know which subjects are in the treatment group and which are in the control group |
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