Term
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What kind of equality does Sawhill favor? What kind of equality does she reject along with Americans in general?
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Definition
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Term
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Why is Sawhill more concerned with procedure or how rules governing the process of justice are applied to specific situations than with the results of the process?
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Definition
| because she thinks theat everyone should be put on the same footing in the begining and the goveremtn should help those who are disadvataged in the begining but she doesnt care about the resylts bc if the ppl mess up then its their fault |
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Term
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What aspects of Sawhill’s article reflect Rawls’ principles of justice? In what sense do they echo Nozick’s principles of justice?
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Definition
rawls and sawhill both belive in proceduarl justcie
EO with nozick that liberty exsists and rejects the DP like nozick |
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Term
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What are the two extreme positions that Sawhill rejects in favor of her own? Why?
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Definition
| DP and redistribution of wealth |
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Term
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What three hypothetical societies does Sawhill discuss in her article? Which one does she think most Americans favor? What kind of system does the U.S. currently have?
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Definition
1. meritocracy
2. fortune cookie soiety
3.class stratified
US- mixture of all 3
americsns- mertiocracy |
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Term
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sawhill:
Why do people choose to live in a meritocracy?
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Definition
| the rules of meritocracy creat greater social effeicay, and ppl think they are more just |
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Term
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sawhill:
What are the limitations of a meritocracy?
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Definition
leaves less room for individaul agency
fluid and dynamic soceity
no mobility |
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Term
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sawhill: What are the three ways in which family matters?
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Definition
well off parents can pass on advantages ot their children, good genes
higher incomes,provide better for their children
they are simply better parents
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Term
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What leads Sawhill to conclude that economic mobility has declined over the past few decades?
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Definition
rate of economic growth has slowed
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Term
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sahill: What is the new stratifying variable in America?
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Definition
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Term
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Sawhill: What is the hallmark of an underclass?
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Definition
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Term
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What problems does Sawhill identify in relation to this underclass?
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Definition
| single parents, high drop out rates, high rates of welfase , lack of jobs |
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Term
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sawhill:
What solutions does she propose? What qualifications apply to her solution?
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Definition
she sees eduation and familes as the answer. only help in the begining
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Term
| What are the two forms of equality that Pipes thinks are compatible with liberty? What notion of equality does he reject? Why? |
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Definition
equality of opportnituy
equality before the law
rejects equality of reward, bc it is only attianable by corcoesion, not free and equal |
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Term
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pipes: Why is liberty by nature inegalitarian?
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Definition
| bc living creaters differ in stregenth, intellegence, ambition and courage, and all else that makes for sucess |
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Term
| Why does Pipes think that individual rights are more important than group rights? What kind of justice supports group rights and undermines individual rights? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does Pipes think that it is permissible for government to intervene in the private sector? |
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Definition
| when ppl are old, sick, or unemployed, like hurriance katrina |
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Term
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pipes: When is it improper for the government to intervene in the private sphere?
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Definition
| when they are infringing on someones economic rights as citizens |
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Term
| pipes: What is the most important liberty? |
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Definition
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Term
pipes: What is the relationship between liberty, prosperity, and democracy?
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Definition
its possible to have economic rights.not political rghts. freedom does not equal democracy
democracy can not coexisst int he absence of political freedom |
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Term
pipes:
At the present time, what kind of rights has gained ascendancy over property rights? What are two examples of this kind of rights? |
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Definition
soical rights
Swedean example and Germany and great britian example |
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Term
In what respect does Pipes position differ from Nozick? In what respect does it resemble Rawls”? |
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Definition
he thinks that there should be a govermental intrest, but only in extreme situations
he resembles rawls in that there should be a DP but ionly in certain instances |
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Term
According to Pipes, what are the two forms of despotism that have been imposed upon people in recent times?
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Definition
arbitraty rule of absolute monarchs- elceted by none and not subject to restraints
tryanty in democratic soceities- elections are won |
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Term
What is solidarity? How does the Case Study of Camden illustrate the nature of solidarity?
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Definition
solidarty- human beings are dependant on one anoter
the case study at hand shows the nature of it bcit shows that the city could not rely on the corrupt gov that they had to come together and help one another
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Term
What is subsidiarity? How does the Case Study of Camden illustrate the nature of subsidiarity?
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Definition
subsidarity- gov shouldnt do for us what we can do for ourselves
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Term
CCOP: How does the principle of subsidiarity foster democracy and the virtues of citizenship?
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Definition
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Term
What is participation? How does the Case Study of Camden illustrate the nature of participation?
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Definition
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Term
What is the common good? How does the Case Study of Camden illustrate the nature of the common good?
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Definition
| the common good of the community. the church community got together and fought back agains t the sewage ppl and won, making the CCOP |
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Term
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What aspects of the Camden situation can be attributed to hedonism?
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Definition
| the goverment who failed the peopel because corrupt by beinging heodnistic |
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Term
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Definition
| Camden Chruches Organized for People |
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Term
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What is structural injustice? What is the relation between structural injustice and individual acts of injustice? How does the Case Study of Camden illustrate the nature of structural injustice?
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Definition
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Term
What problems does the CCOP address?
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Definition
| railed neighbors, confronted druggies, motivated police to take action |
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Term
What solution to the problems does the CCOP propose?
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Definition
"A vision fot he recovery of Camden"
finical resources as well as more services to city residents |
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Term
What did the CCOP achieve?
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Definition
| a resserection of the city |
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Term
What is Catholic Social Thought?
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Definition
| tolerance- neither to accept or reject any one particular postition, repect ppls opioions |
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Term
What is the difference between distributive justice, commutative justice, and social justice? Why does Catholic Social Thought emphasize the need for all three conceptions of justice?
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Definition
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Term
Hollenbach:
What is pluralism? Why does the philosopher John Rawls think that there is a conflict between the pluralism of a liberal society and the notion of the common good? What is the origin of his fears? |
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Definition
pluralism: it is the stress on freedom of moden libral democracies developed historically as a way of responding to the diversity of modern concepts of the meaning of life
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Term
What is Hollenbach’s criticism of Rawls’ liberalism? Of tolerance?
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Definition
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Term
What does Hollenbach mean when he says that Rawls’ position is a “method of avoidance?” |
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Definition
| "we try so far as we can to either assert nor deny any religious, philisophical or moral views |
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Term
4 What does Hollenbach mean by an “eclipse of citizenship?” What are
some contemporary examples of this phenomenon? |
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Definition
many ppl few politcially powerless
an example is ppl not exercising their right to vote |
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Term
hollenbach
What are the two dangers that are implied in Rawls’ position?
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Definition
| may threaten democracy through alienation and choas than conflict or violence |
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Term
hollenbach
What does it mean to say that we live in a “culture of separation?” How does separation foster a culture of subjectivism as opposed to objectivism? |
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Definition
| peoples lives are seperated by many factors. makes you preoccupied with yourown personal idenity. makes it difficult for us to see how the different lives we lead make a difference to the common good of society |
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Term
hollenbach:
What is Hollenbach’s solution to the problem? |
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Definition
| we should rethink the division between the public and private spheres |
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Term
hollenbach
What is the difference between civil society and the state?
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Definition
civil soceity: families,communties, friendships, networks, more people, community types of things
state:govermental state |
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Term
hollenbach
What is the difference between civil society and the private sphere?
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Definition
| civil is neither public nor private where as provate is private such as friends reletaves and peers |
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Term
How does Hollenbach characterize each of the three spheres of society:
private, public, and civil (or common good)?
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Definition
private: friends, rletaves, peers
public: state or goveremnt- market place
civil ( common good): neither public no private, community of freedom |
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Term
hollenbach
What is the principle of subsidiarity?
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Definition
| This principle states that work better done at the local level should not be carried out by the goverment |
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Term
How does the notion of subsidiarity enable Hollenbach to reconcile the pluralism of a democratic society with the common good? |
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Definition
| commitment to small scale communities with particualr tradition must be complemented by a sense of of the nation and the common good and the need for a vision shaped not only by particucalr tradiotion but by many encounters of different ones |
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Term
hollenbach
What are the four cardinal virtues? |
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Definition
| prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitiude |
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Term
hollenbach
What is the virtue of solidarity? |
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Definition
| key virtue needed to adress the problems of the world, commiting oneself to the common good |
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Term
hollenbach
What are the two forms of solidarity? |
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Definition
intellectual solidarty- beign able to talk to ppl how the world we shared should be shaped and structured
social solidarty- |
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Term
hollenbach
In what settings can intellectual solidarity develop?
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Definition
| in the domains of a civil society and culture |
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Term
According to Kass, what is different about genetic technology?
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Definition
| it wil be the 1st to dilberly make changes that are transmittable into suceeding generations and it will be able to create new human capacities and create new norms of health and fittness |
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Term
What paradox does Kass think we face as a result of genetic technology?
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Definition
| it can alter out human nature |
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Term
Why does Kass think the genetic profiling of individuals is a cause of anxiety?
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Definition
if genetic defects could be leaked to outsiders possibly damaging as far as landign a job or life insurance
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Term
What potentially negative consequences could genetic technology have on the person himself?
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Definition
it changes the way you live your life
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Term
According to Kass, how do genetic technologists see themselves? Why does Kass think this claim is self-deceptive and disingenuous?
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Definition
how they see themselves: as facilitators
because the genes they test are for their own use and not for the ppl
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Term
kass
How does control of experts over genetic technology threaten autonomy and freedom?
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Definition
| experts know how to ask questions that will push you to a certian answer |
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Term
Why does Kass think that the scientific view of human nature undermines human dignity? To what kind of changes will it lead?
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Definition
| because he feels like it has its own moral meaning and it will bring changes in our instuations, norms, and belifes |
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Term
Why does Kass think that it is important to have some standards, norms, and goals before we walk down the road of genetic technology? What problems could result if we don’t have any?
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Definition
| so we have a standard and know what to look towardds |
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Term
weinberger
What are the two concerns about genetic technology that Weinberger mentions at the beginning of his article?
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Definition
1. we will transform ourselves our human nature that will become incapable of human virtues
2.we will become deformed into post humans and will be playing god |
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Term
weinberge
According to Weinberger, what is the moral-teleological approach to describing the nature of humanity?
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Definition
| we want to know what the end of human being acutally is, all human activites are ordered to an end |
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Term
Why does Weinberger reject this view of humanity as a starting point for his discussion of genetic technology?
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Definition
| bc no one has proven what the end really is |
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Term
What are the defining characteristics of human beings that Weinberger proposes in his ontological approach to genetic technology?
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Definition
based on our experinces of being human
experinces that are essential to our humanity
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Term
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What are some of the general features that Weinberger associates with the creation of his list of characteristics of human beings? For example, in what sense is Weinberger’s list still teleological in nature?
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Definition
1. rational
2. pain/pleasure
3. inwardness
4. freewill
5. understanding of ethics
its teleogical in the sense that it is general, no order, no charaterisitc, have to have these charateristics to begin with |
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Term
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According to Weinberger, what is the worst case scenario that could happen as a result of genetic enhancement? Why is this scenario problematic from the point of view of the person who constitutes the focal point of this scenario?
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Definition
crossing over the divide on the slippry slope
it would be bad for that person bc they would be post human and immoral |
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Term
Why does Weinberger think that such a scenario won’t come to pass, and if it does, it won’t last for long? Where might it or might it not come to pass? |
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Definition
| bc each generation will be genetically better than the prior one |
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Term
Weinberger think that genetic enhancement is no more dangerous than the invention of gunpowder?
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Definition
| it is just another tool that illerbal societs might cause harm to ppl |
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Term
What is Weinberger’s response to Kass’s concern that the virtues can only thrive when human beings recognize that existence is limited and won’t go on forever?
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Definition
| all of it might still be possible with different horzions or contexts or might even take different forms in a world where science deliver physical comfort |
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Term
What political concerns regarding genetic technology does Weinberger raise? What kind of government constraints on liberty does he think we should look out for?
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Definition
there will be more inequalites than their are today, the smarter ppl will think that they are only fir to rule
should look out for reporductive constraints |
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Term
What are the various aspects of Weinberger’s temporary conclusion?
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Definition
| doesnt worry to much about biotecnological and pharmacological enahncemtn will perforce make us miserable or transform us into monsters |
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