Term
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Definition
endogenous transmitter has no therapeutic values
• not specific (nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are activated)
• readily hydrolyzed by AChE (esterases) [~ 5-20 s effect after large IV bolus]
• would activate non-discriminately parasympathetic and sympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
relatively selective for muscarinic receptors involved in GI and bladder control
• specific (Parasympathomimetic), with less activity at Nicotine receptor
• not readily hydrolyzed by AChE
• promotes GI / bladder motility in atony or in neurogenic bladder or paralytic ileus
• does not cross BBB
• side effects: sweating, urinary urgency, diarrhea, decreased BP and HR, nausea, abdominal pain, bronchoconstriction and spasms (asthma patients: be careful), increased salivation (sialogogue) and lacrimation |
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Term
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Definition
• Bit more specific for muscarinic receptors
• less hydrolyzed by AChE
• Used as methacholine challenge test (MCT; bronchoprovocation test for asthma) in patients with normal spirometric readings but complain of chest tightness and difficulty breathing |
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Term
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Definition
relatively selective for nicotinic receptors, but still has significant activity at muscarinic receptors
• Not hydrolyzed by AChE
• promotes miosis of iris (constrict sphincter); prior to occular surgery (miostat )
• Topical application (glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat in glaucoma (emergency) and xerostomia
• specific (muscarinic receptor agonist)-comes from a shrub (Pilocarpus jaborandi)
• not hydrolyzed by AChE
• causes miosis of iris (constrict sphincter); decreases intra-ocular pressure, and causes blurred vision (constrict ciliary muscle “forcing” near-vision)
• crosses BBB |
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Term
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Definition
useful in treatment of xerostomia as in the case of Sjogren’s disease; antineoplastic agents; neck radiation; aging.
• specific muscarinic receptor agonist at M1 and M3
• cheaper than pilocarpine (3tid instead of 4) |
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