Term
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Definition
3+ sacral vertebrae
Glenoid faces rear
Open acetabulum
Ball-shaped femoral head |
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Term
|
Definition
pes longer than wide
Pes digit III longest, digit I short & elevated
manus digit IV greatly reduced & V absent
5+ sacral vertebrae
lots of axial skeleton pneumaticity
intramandibular joint
furcula |
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Term
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Definition
Earliest and most primitive Theropods
proximal tarsals fused
synsacrum
two pneumatic foramina (holes) on cervical vertebra |
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Term
|
Definition
Ceratosaurs with:
kinked snout
paired head crests |
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Term
|
Definition
Type of ceratosaurs
Include Abelisauridae and Ceratosaurus |
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Term
|
Definition
Neoceratosaurs
Cretaceous predators
Short, deep skulls w/ large "horns" over eyes |
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Term
|
Definition
Theropods
teeth in jaws all rostral (forward) of orbit
manus digit IV lost
cranial zygapophyses on caudal vertebrae elongate |
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Term
|
Definition
Cretaceous
Gondwana only (South America & Africa)
Huge!
Probably piscivorous (fish-eating)
very long skulls with crocodilian-like teeth
conical teeth without serrations |
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Term
| Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach |
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Definition
| Discovered first Spinosaurid (was destroyed in WWII) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Spinosaurids and Megalosaurs |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Used fossils of Megalosaurus, Iguanodon, and Hylaeosaurus as the basis for defining the order Dinosauria in 1842 |
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Term
|
Definition
Derived from Tetanurae
extra fenestrae between antorbital fenestra and nares
caudal vertebrae in distal half of tail lack transverse processes
pubic boot |
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Term
|
Definition
| Carnosaurs, Coelurosauria |
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Term
|
Definition
Avetheropods with
only first ~15 caudal vertebrae have transverse processes
semilunate carpal
ischium < pubis
branched integumentary (skin) structures |
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Term
|
Definition
Coelurosaur with long forelimbs
"bird mimics" |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Coeluosaurian Theropods
shoulder blade horizontal
glenoid faces laterally
coracoid elongate |
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Term
|
Definition
Saurischian dinosaurs
10 or more cervical vertebrae, usually very elongated
teeth serrated (in most groups), with denticles oriented 45° to tooth axis
bone between nares flattened
Large digit I on manus (claw)
cranium small compared to body |
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Term
| Sauropodomorpha consists of |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
first common dinosaurian herbivores
first large vertebrates to exploit niche of tall plants
known from every continent except Australia
lots of small teeth in long jaws
facultative bipeds
Slow
have enlarged claw on thum |
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Term
|
Definition
Obligate quadrapeds
cervicalized thoracic vertebrae ( 11+ cervicals)
laminae & fossae on vertebrae
cervical vertebrae opisthocoelous
4+ sacral vertebrae
lots of caudal vertebrae
reduced # carpals to 3 or fewer
reduced # phalanges on manus digits IV & V
femur very long (longer than humerus + radius)
nares retracted caudally |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thin ridge or sheet of bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dead-end depression or excavation on bone surface |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vertebrae flat on both ends |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vertebrae concave both ends |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vertebrae concave front, convex back |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vertebrae convex front, concave back |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Neosauropods with:
extremely long necks and tails
peg-toothed
extreme narial retraction
very tall spinous processes on caudal thoracic, sacral, and proximal caudal vertebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
Neosauropods with:
distal tail composed of long, rod-like vertebrae (whip tail)
spinous processes on cervical and thoracic vertebrae forked |
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Term
|
Definition
family of Sauropods associated with Morrison Formation
Edward Cope & Othniel Marsh
"Great Dinosaur Rush" |
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Term
| Flagellicaudata consists of |
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Definition
| Diplodocidae, Dicraeosauridae |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neosauropods with nares > orbit |
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Term
|
Definition
Macronaria
Most common dinosaur found in Morrison Formation |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Brachiosauridae + Titanosauria |
|
Definition
Macronaria w/
kinked femur
vertebrae made of spongy bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| N. America: no sauropods between beginning & end of Late Cretaceous! |
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Term
|
Definition
Macronaria with
proximal and middle caudal vertebrae strongly procoelous |
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Term
| Includes smallest sauropods |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Found in Sauropod gizzards
probably related to gut fermentation |
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Term
|
Definition
Name means “shield bearer”
basal ornithischians |
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Term
|
Definition
osteoderms (called “scutes”) in rows parallel to midline on both lateral and dorsal surfaces of torso
well-developed postorbital process
squat statue – short legs compared to body
all but the earliest forms were quadrupedal |
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Term
|
Definition
Stegosauria and Ankylosauria
Both have toothless keratinous beak |
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Term
|
Definition
broad compressed skull
armor covering cranial structures and
loss of all temporal fenestrae
fused sacral vertebrae, a synsacrum
closed acetabulum
horizontal ilium
lots of body armor |
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Term
| Two families of Ankylosauria |
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Definition
| Nodosauridae, Ankylosauridae |
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Term
|
Definition
Ankylosaur with
skull with no horns
large spikes on side
(small spikes or no spikes on back)
no tail club |
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Term
|
Definition
Ankylosaur with
skull with horns
large spikes on back
(small spikes or no spikes on sides)
tail club |
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Term
|
Definition
Member of Ankylosauria
parasagittal plates
A few had parascapular spines |
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Term
|
Definition
Ornithischian dinosaurs w/
teeth in maxilla more dorsal (higher) than those in premaxilla (i.e tooth rows at different heights)
Occlusal surface more dorsal than jaw joint
Premaxilla with elongate process
Crescent-shaped paroccipital process |
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Term
|
Definition
Type of Ornithopods
small-medium sized
Bipedal
North America & Eurasia
originally thought to be monophyletic; is now known to be paraphyletic |
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Term
|
Definition
| ability of maxilla to swing laterally (outward) when mouth is closing |
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Term
| First Ornithischians to evolve Pleurokinesis, opposable pinky |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Small hypsilophodontid with enormous eyes |
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Term
|
Definition
Ornithopods w/ a beak
premaxilla expanded and toothless
Facultative bipeds |
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Term
|
Definition
| Discovered teeth of Iguanodon |
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Term
|
Definition
Ornithopod w/
diastema between beak and maxillary teeth
narrowed hands
hoof-like pedal unguals |
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Term
|
Definition
“duck-billed” ornithopods
Facultative bipeds
well-developed dental batteries
loss of antorbital fenestra
8 sacral vertebrae
loss of digit I on manus
arms elongate (~ legs) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Crestless and solid-crested hadrosaurs |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Shelf of bone extending back over occipital portion of skull
Shortened pubis
Widely-spaced acetabula (hip sockets) |
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Term
|
Definition
| "Bonehead" group of Marginocephalia |
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Term
|
Definition
Pachycephalosaurs
Generally small
Flat, very bony heads |
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Term
|
Definition
Pachycephalosaur w/
Domed heads
Extremely thick, boney skull |
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Term
|
Definition
Marginocephalids w/
keratinous beak
frill formed by parietals
triangular shaped skull
(when viewed dorsally)
"vaulted" or high palate |
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Term
|
Definition
| Psittacosauridae, Neoceratopsia |
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Term
|
Definition
Member of Ceratopsia
Parrot-like, toothless beak |
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Term
| Neoceratopsia consists of |
|
Definition
| Proceratopsidae, Ceratopsidae |
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Term
|
Definition
Theropods w/
arms > legs
anisodactyly
streptostylic quadrate |
|
|
Term
| Evidence of Bolide Impact |
|
Definition
crater
shocked minerals
tektites
impact-induced sedimentary deposits
enrichment of rare elements |
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