Term
| when did bipedalism and birdlike ankle bones originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what bone + hand/foot features are associated with bipedalism? |
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Definition
| bound metatarsus, digitigrade pes |
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Term
| what bone stuff happened to ankles in the middle triassic? |
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Definition
| astragalus and calcaneum become caps on the end of the tibia and fibula, respectively |
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Term
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Definition
1 roofing bone lost (postfrontal behind and above orbit),
3 or more sacral vertebrae - hind limbs used much more heavily and need strong attachment to pelvis
3 - grasping hand - digits IV and V reduced, thumb is semi-opposable |
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Term
| what separates ornithiscia and saurischians |
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Definition
| hip design. Orn = bird-hipped, saur = lizard-hipped |
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Term
| ornithiscian characteristics |
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Definition
pubis directed posteroventrally
leaf-shaped teeth
predentary bone
palpebral bone
ant orbital opening small/absent
ossified tendons |
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Term
| saurischian characteristics |
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Definition
pubis directed anteroventrally
manus large
vertebrae hollowed by air sacs |
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Term
| sauropodomorph characteristics |
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Definition
leaf- or spoon- shaped teeth
large external nares |
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Term
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Definition
intramandibular jaw joint
raking hand
hollow long bones |
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Term
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Definition
relatively small brain
simple leaf-shaped teeth |
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Term
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Definition
neck elongated or reverse S curve
dorsal vertebrae vertically stretched
parascapular spine on shoulder
two rows of spikes over the vertebrae that grade from plates to spikes
hind limbs much longer than forelimbs |
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Term
| special stegosaur features |
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Definition
| main function of plates is display, keratin covered |
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Term
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Definition
relatively small brain
simple leaf-shaped teeth |
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Term
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Definition
armor plates in mosaic of small osteoderms
fusion of skull bones
extra dorsal vertebrae attach to sacrum |
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Term
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Definition
low snout
hourglass-shaped palate
3 collars of armor plates |
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Term
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Definition
short snout
s-shaped narial passage
2 collar of armor plates
tail club |
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Term
| ankylosaurs special features |
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Definition
| secondary palate with complex air passage, tail club composed of dermal bone |
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Term
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Definition
premaxillary dentition ventrally offset
jaw joint dropped relative to maxillary teeth
premax process elongate |
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Term
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Definition
small-bodied
simple teeth, 1 row
stiff tail; ossified tendons cover tail to tip |
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Term
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Definition
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