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38
Computer Science
11th Grade
08/30/2017

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Term
Prototype
Definition
A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It’s the original drawing from which something real might be built or created.
Term
Binary Question
Definition
a question to which there are only two possible answers.
Term
Binary Message
Definition
a message that can only be one of two possible values.
Term
Bit
Definition
A contraction of "Binary Digit". A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1.
Term
Bit Rate
Definition
(sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. e.g. 8 bits/sec.
Term
Protocol
Definition
A set of rules and standards governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.
Term
Bandwidth
Definition
Transmission capacity measure by bit rate
Term
Latency
Definition
Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.
Term
ASCII
Definition
ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.
Term
code(v)
Definition
to write code, or to write instructions for a computer.
Term
Request for Comments(RFC)
Definition
A formal document from the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) that is the result of committee drafting and subsequent review by interested parties. Some RFCs are informational in nature, documents are how standards and protocols are defined and published for all to see on the IETF website.
Term
IP Address
Definition
A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
Term
Packets
Definition
Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.
Term
Router
Definition
a computer, device which receives messages travelling across a network and redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing information included with the message.
Term
TCP
Definition
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. It manages all the sending and receiving of Data Packets, like a dependable mail service.
Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
Transmission Control Protocol - provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.
-+-+
*963./8527410
Term
DNS
Definition
Domain Name Server, System: the Internet's system for converting alphabetic url names into numeric IP addresses.
Term
HTTP
Definition
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol used by the World Wide Web. It describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web servers respond to commands.
Term
Abstraction
Definition
Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics
Term
Server
Definition
A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.
Term
Client
Definition
A computer that requests data stored on a server
Term
Net Neutrality
Definition
The principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.
Term
Internet Censorship
Definition
Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative. ... Other areas of censorship include copyrights, defamation, harassment, and obscene material. Support for and opposition to Internet censorship also varies.
Term
Network Surveillance
Definition
Computer and network surveillance is the monitoring of computer activity and data stored on a hard drive, or data being transferred over computer networks such as the Internet. The monitoring is often carried out covertly and may be completed by governments, corporations, criminal organizations, or individuals.
Term
Network Surveillance
Definition
a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.
Term
Heuristic
Definition
a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.
Term
Image
Definition
A type of data used for graphics or pictures.
Term
Metadata
Definition
Data that describes other data.For example, a digital image may include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution.
Term
Pixel
Definition
Short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.
Term
image
Definition
a type of data used for graphics or pictures
Term
Metadata
Definition
Data that describes other data.For example a digital image may include
Term
Pixel
Definition
Short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.
Term
Hexadecimal Number System
Definition
A Base 16 numbering system. A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols — 0-9 and A-F — which can occur in each place value.
Term
Lossless Compression
Definition
A compression scheme in which every bit of the original data can be recovered from the compressed file.
Term
Lossy Compression
Definition
A compression scheme in which “useless” or less-than-totally-necessary information is thrown out in order to reduce the size of the data. The eliminated data is unrecoverable.
Term
Abstraction
Definition
Removing unnecessary details to focus on the essential characteristics. To break problems up into separate parts which can then be solved separately and recombined to form a complete solution. To focus on and use something based only on what it does and without concern for how that functionality is accomplished.
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation.
Term
READ ME
Definition
A document providing background information about a dataset.
Term
Lossy Compression
Definition
A compression scheme in which “useless” or less-than-totally-necessary information is thrown out in order to reduce the size of the data. The eliminated data is unrecoverable.
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