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Digestive & Urinary System Terminology
Terminology
152
Medical
Undergraduate 1
07/29/2025
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Term
Dys-
 Definition
painful, difficult, abnormal
Term
endo-
 Definition
within, in
Term
hemi-
 Definition
half
Term
hyper-
 Definition
above, excessive
Term
hypo-
 Definition
below, deficient
Term
mal-
 Definition
bad, poor
Term
para-
 Definition
beside, near, abnormal
Term
peri-
 Definition
around, surrounding
Term
sub-
 Definition
under, below
Term
trans-
 Definition
across, through
Term
an-/a-
 Definition
without, lack of
Term
dia-
 Definition
through, complete
Term
dys-
 Definition
difficult, painful
Term
hyper-
 Definition
above, excessive
Term
hypo-
 Definition
below, deficient
Term
poly-
 Definition
many, excessive
Term
noct-
 Definition
night
Term
oligo-
 Definition
few, scanty
Term
-ac
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-al
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-cele
 Definition
hernia
Term
-centesis
 Definition
surgical puncture
Term
-eal
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ectomy
 Definition
surgical removal
Term
-logist
 Definition
specialist (study & treat)
Term
-malacia
 Definition
softening
Term
-oma
 Definition
tumor
Term
-pathy
 Definition
disease
Term
-plasty
 Definition
surgical repair
Term
-rrhaphy
 Definition
suturing, repairing
Term
-scope
 Definition
instrument for visual exam
Term
-stomy
 Definition
creation of artificial opening
Term
-gram
 Definition
record
Term
-graphy
 Definition
process of recording
Term
-ia
 Definition
condition of, disease state
Term
-iasis
 Definition
condition
Term
-ic
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-itis
 Definition
inflammation
Term
-logy
 Definition
study of
Term
-megaly
 Definition
enlargement
Term
-osis
 Definition
abnormal condition
Term
-phagia
 Definition
eating, swallowing
Term
-ptosis
 Definition
prolapse, drooping
Term
-rrhea
 Definition
flow, discharge
Term
-scopy
 Definition
visual exam
Term
-tomy
 Definition
incision
Term
-al
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ary
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-cele
 Definition
hernia
Term
-emia
 Definition
in the blood
Term
-esis
 Definition
condition
Term
-gram
 Definition
record
Term
-graph
 Definition
instrument used to record
Term
-graphy
 Definition
process of recording
Term
-iasis
 Definition
condition
Term
-itis
 Definition
inflammation
Term
-lith
 Definition
stone
Term
-lysis
 Definition
loosening
Term
-megaly
 Definition
enlargement
Term
-oma
 Definition
tumor
Term
-osis
 Definition
abnormal condition
Term
-pexy
 Definition
surgical fixation, suspension
Term
-ptosis
 Definition
drooping, sagging
Term
-rrhaphy
 Definition
suturing, repairing
Term
-scope
 Definition
instrument used for visual exam
Term
-scopic
 Definition
pertaining to visual exam
Term
-scopy
 Definition
visual exam
Term
-stomy
 Definition
creation of artificial opening
Term
-tomy
 Definition
incision
Term
-tripsy
 Definition
surgical crushing
Term
-uria
 Definition
urine, urination
Term
abdomin/o
 Definition
abdomin
Term
antr/o
 Definition
antrum
Term
appendic/o
 Definition
appendix
Term
append/o
 Definition
appendix
Term
an/o
 Definition
anus
Term
cec/o
 Definition
cecum
Term
celi/o
 Definition
abdomen
Term
cheil/o
 Definition
lip
Term
chol/e
 Definition
gall, bile
Term
choledoch/o
 Definition
bile duct
Term
col/o, colon/o
 Definition
colon
Term
enter/o
 Definition
intestine
Term
esophag/o
 Definition
esophagus
Term
gastr/o
 Definition
stomach
Term
gingiv/o
 Definition
gum
Term
gloss/o
 Definition
tongue
Term
hepat/o
 Definition
liver
Term
herni/o
 Definition
hernia
Term
lapar/o
 Definition
abdomen cavity
Term
lingu/o
 Definition
tongue
Term
or/o
 Definition
mouth
Term
palat/o
 Definition
palate
Term
pancreat/o
 Definition
pancreas
Term
peritone/o
 Definition
peritoneum
Term
polyp/o
 Definition
small growth
Term
proct/o
 Definition
rectum
Term
pylor/o
 Definition
pylorus
Term
rect/o
 Definition
rectum
Term
sial/o
 Definition
saliva
Term
steat/o
 Definition
fat
Term
stomat/o
 Definition
mouth
Term
uvul/o
 Definition
uvula
Term
xer/o
 Definition
dryness
Term
albumin/o
 Definition
albumin (protein)
Term
azot/o
 Definition
urea, nitrogen
Term
blast/o
 Definition
developing cell, Germ cell
Term
cyst/o
 Definition
bladder, sac
Term
glomerul/o
 Definition
glomerulus
Term
glyc/o, glycos/o
 Definition
sugar
Term
hydr/o
 Definition
water
Term
lith/o
 Definition
stone
Term
nephr/o
 Definition
kidney
Term
noct/o
 Definition
night
Term
py/o
 Definition
pus
Term
pyel/o
 Definition
renal pelvis
Term
ren/o
 Definition
kidney
Term
ur/o
 Definition
urin, Urinary tract
Term
ureter/o
 Definition
ureter
Term
urethr/o
 Definition
urethra
Term
vesic/o
 Definition
bladder, sac
Term
BMI
 Definition
body mass index
Term
EGD
 Definition
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Term
FTT
 Definition
failure to thrive
Term
GERD
 Definition
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Term
GI
 Definition
gastrointestinal
Term
IH
 Definition
inguinal hernia
Term
IBD
 Definition
inflammatory bowl disease
Term
IBS
 Definition
irritable bowel syndrome
Term
NG Tube
 Definition
nasogastric tube
Term
NAFLD
 Definition
nonalcholic fatty liver disease
Term
PUD
 Definition
peptic ulcers disease
Term
PN
 Definition
parenteral nutrition
Term
UC
 Definition
ulcerative colitis
Term
ARF
 Definition
acute renal failure
Term
BPH
 Definition
benign prostatic hyperplasia
Term
Cath
 Definition
catheterization
Term
CKD
 Definition
chronic kidney disease
Term
Cysto
 Definition
cystoscopy
Term
DRE
 Definition
digital rectal examination
Term
ESRD
 Definition
end stage renal disease
Term
ESWL
 Definition
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
Term
PKD
 Definition
polycystic kidney disease
Term
TURP
 Definition
transurethral resection of the prostate
Term
UTI
 Definition
urinary tract infection
Term
Bartter syndrom
 Definition
named after Frederic Bartter, rare grenetic condition affecting the kidneys ability to reabsorb sodium, leading to hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and dehydration
Term
Bowmans Capsule
 Definition
names after William Bowman, cup-shaped structure in the nephron of the kidneys that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate from blood plasma.
Term
Henle's Loop
 Definition
named after Friedrich Henle, U-shaped portion of the nephron, crucial for concentrating urine by creating a gradient in the kidneys medulla
Term
Brunners Glands
 Definition
named after Johann Brunner, glands in the duodenum that secrete alkaline mucus to protect the intestinal lining
Term
Crohns Disease
 Definition
named after Burrill Crohn, chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestional tact, often affecting the ileum and colon.
Term
Gilberts syndrome
 Definition
named after Augustin Gilbert, hereditary liver disorder resulting in, mildly elevated bilirubin levels, typically without significant symptoms
Term
Whipple procedure
 Definition
named after Allen Whipple, A complex surgical procedure that involves removing the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, the gallbladder, and the bile duct. It is performed primarily to treat pancreatic cancer or other diseases affecting the pancreas and nearby organs. The full name of this procedure is pancreaticoduodenectomy (pancreatic/o = pancreas, duoden/o = duodenum (first part of the small intestine), -ectomy = surgical removal).
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