Term
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Definition
| lining air passageways and pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| trap particles, phagocytosis by macrophages, antibacterial action, antiviral action |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by cells invaded by a virus- protects surrounding uninfected cells |
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Term
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Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased oxygen in blood circulatory problems |
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Term
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Definition
| problem with lung enhancing air with environment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measures volume of air able to be moved in and out of lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum breath in- volume breathed out |
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Term
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Definition
| uses carbon monoxide to evaluate of respiratory membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| pulmonary hypertension, thromboembolism, reduced ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
| left heart failure (elevated BP within the lungs) |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of fluids to the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blot clots in pulmonary artery, blockage of pulmonary vessels can lead to heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
| reflexive vasoconstriction in areas of reduced ventilation, making area of the lung collapse, decrease blood flow to that area |
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Term
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Definition
| obstructive lung disease (chronic bronchitis) |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of bronchioles, swell and decrease the size of the lumen, everyday |
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Term
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Definition
| long term irritation to the mucus membranes (irreversible) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| high carbon dioxide levels |
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Term
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Definition
| increased levels of EPO and higher hematocrit |
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Term
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Definition
| increased blood viscosity causes a risk for ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of alveolar septa, instead of having small compartment you will have a sac. makes a tension causing a decrease in surface area making airways collapse |
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Term
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Definition
| enlargement of alveolar spaces |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of support of bronchioles- airways collapse |
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Term
| Chronic airway obstruction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reversible, bronchiole constriction, mucus hypersecretion, inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in response to inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic autosomal recessive disorder, abnormal mucus-increased viscosity (thick and sticky messes with digestive system as well Salty sweat |
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Term
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Definition
| keep lungs from expanding |
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Term
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Definition
| collapse of a portion of the lung, loss of minimum volume- air absorbed into blood and not replaced, associated with bronchial obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of air that stays in the lungs after you completely breath out |
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Term
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Definition
| atmospheric air enters the pleural space, results in the collapse of a lung |
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Term
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Definition
| stabbing, shooting, opening, puncture |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pleural membranes, every breath hurts, lung coverings |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion can occur effectively, ex: emphysema |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| mechanisms to move gases into and out of the membranes |
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Definition
| replenish supply out with old in with new ex: asthma, bronchitis |
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Term
| mechanism to transport gases from membrane to cells and from cells to membrane |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| this is necessary for system to function |
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Term
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Definition
| physical, chemical, peristalsis, absorption, elimination |
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Term
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Definition
| bowel sounds, movement of food through GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| takes nutrients into blood |
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Term
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Definition
| fecal material- this may determine how digestible/ absopable food is |
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Term
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Definition
| reverse peristaltic activity, medulla oblongata |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| trying to dilute- irritating the lining of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| lactose intolerant, gallbladder problems |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movement of water, hold fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| increases solute concentration in fecal material, laxatives |
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Term
| factors influencing reabsorption |
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Definition
| alcohol, antibiotics, antitumor drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| spastic colon: abdominal discomfort, cramping, fatigue,alternating diarrhea and constipation, idiopathic |
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Term
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Definition
| stratified epithelium, heart burn, gastric reflux, hital hernias |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic esophagitis, loss of ability to keep acid in stomach... force or pressure on the stomach ruptures the esophageal hiatus |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial infection, autoimmune chronic gastritis, acute erosive gastritis (alcohol, asprin, NASID) |
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Term
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Definition
| obstruction of narrow lumen of appendix |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial growth, blockage followed by swelling pain vomiting and anorexia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the serous membrane system of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| ruptured appendix or colon wall, gall bladder or pancreatic damage, release of bile salts and digestive enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| penetrating wounds, std, surgical procedure (sexually transmitted bacteria is more common in females because of the fallopian tubes) |
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Term
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Definition
| pouch-like sac of mucosa protruding through the colon wall; sigmoid region |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| inflammatory bowel disease |
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Definition
| pain, bleeding, diarrhea; crohns and ulcerative colitis |
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Term
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Definition
| regional enteritis, usually colon but can affect the GI, periods of flare up and remission, pain diarrhea weight loss anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| onset more abrupt with more severe symptoms, limited to the colon, inflammation response of mucosal lining, necrosis and abscess formation |
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Term
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Definition
| protective mechanisms normally prevent acid and enzymes from eroding the mucosal lining of the gut |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents acid from getting into the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| between epithelial cells prevent H+ ions from penetrating into the submucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of protective mechanisms results in __ of the lining |
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Term
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Definition
| (factors leading to ulceration) infection weakness defense |
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Term
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Definition
| (factors leading to ulceration) enzyme and acids |
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Term
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Definition
| (factors leading to ulceration) physical trauma or psychological stress, erosion of stomach lining |
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Term
| gastrointestinal obstructions |
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Definition
| block movement of materials through intestines: adhesions tumors hernias |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| generalized a specific nutrient (b12) mild and short duration of sever and chronic |
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Term
| defective digestion: problems with liver or pancreas |
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Definition
| lack of bile or pancreatic enzymes |
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Term
| defective digestion: problems with gut motility |
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Definition
| paralytic ileus "assembly line stops" |
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Term
| defective digestion: surgical resections of the gut |
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Definition
| inadequate digestive processing, loss of feedback control mechanisms-duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of surface area due to restrictions, intestinal trauma, enteritis, celiac disease |
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Term
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Definition
| immune-mediated damage to intestinal mucosa, may be genetic or linked to early childhood virus |
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Term
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Definition
| problems with transport via blood to lymph, problems with heart and lymph nutrients are not getting where they need to go. |
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Term
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Definition
| salts for digestion and absorption of fats, removal of bilirubin *product of Hb metabolism) |
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Term
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Definition
| waste product extracted from blood |
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Term
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Definition
| fat metabolism, gycogenesis, glycogenolysis, glucogenolysis, determination of proteins, sythesis of clotting factors, sythesis of albumins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of glycogen to glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of glucose from noncarb sources |
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Term
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Definition
| ammonia to urea conversions |
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Term
| synthesis of clotting factors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| maintain osmotic balance of the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolisms of toxins, storage of toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal jaundice, cholestatic jaundice |
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Term
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Definition
| high bilirubin levels in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brown urine kidneys are compensating for liver |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive RBC destruction |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of liver to take up or to conjugate bilirubin (builds up in the blood) |
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Term
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Definition
| liver enzymes and excretion systems may not be entirely functional for 7-14 days |
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Term
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Definition
| inability of hepatocytes to excrete conjugated bilrubin |
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Term
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Definition
| (cholestatic jaundice) infections or drugs damage tissues and cause swelling, bile canaliculi are compressed- bile flow is obstructed |
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Term
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Definition
| (cholestatic jaundice) mechanical blockage of bile ducts: infections, gallstones,tumorsm pancreatic cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| acute and usually mild, fecal-oral transmission, usually not found in other body fluids, may be associalted with shelfish from contaminated waters, immune response to infection produces lifelong immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| potentially more serious than HAV, virus found in all body fluids including fluids at wound sites, can be associated with contaminated needles, medical accidents, sex, and mother to infant during birth, immunity achieved after infection in most individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete viral particle AVOID, can only infect if HBV infection is underway, chronic can lead to liver necrosis, drug users sharing needles and homosexual males are at rise |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission by way of the blood, transfusions, repeated exposure to infected needles, homosexual males or idiopathic |
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Term
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Definition
| fecal-oral transmission, not common in North America, associated with developing countries, drug and chemical hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
| industrial chemicals, plant toxins, analgesis, anesthetics, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, street drugs, NSAID, oral contraceptives, tranquilizers |
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Term
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Definition
| carbon tetrachloride, benezene |
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Term
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Definition
| acetaminophen- liver failure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reactions of individuals based on unique physiology |
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Term
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Definition
| long term necrosis and infiltration of liver tissue by fibrous connective tissue fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| liver functions no longer present |
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Term
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Definition
| hemorrhoids, esophageal varices |
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Term
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Definition
| rupture causing bleeding in stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| production of stone (gallstone formation) |
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Term
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Definition
| what actually happens (inflammation of the gall bladder) gives you symptoms and problems |
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