Term
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Definition
| digestive tract; includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (organs that food actually passes through) |
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Term
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Definition
| physical changes, such as chewing |
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Term
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Definition
| breaking down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into their building blocks (monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids) |
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Term
Step 1. Mouth
What mechanical digestion takes place? |
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Definition
| chewing and saliva soften food for swallowing |
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Term
Step 1. Mouth
What chemical digestion takes place? |
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Definition
| salivary glands secrete saliva, which contains enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that breaks down starches into monosaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that protects against infection |
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Term
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Definition
| flap that covers the trachea upon swallowing |
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Definition
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Step 2. Esophagus
peristalsis |
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Definition
| rhythmic, muscular contractions that push food down the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| closes off esophagus after food has entered stomach; when back flow occurs, causes heartburn |
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Term
Step 3. Stomach
What mechanical digestion takes place? |
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Definition
| stomach churns and juices soften food |
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Term
Step 3. Stomach
Chemical digestion:
hydrochloric acid |
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Definition
| breaks down food and activates pepsin |
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Term
Step 3. Stomach
Chemical digestion:
pepsin |
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Definition
| enzyme that starts to break down proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Step 4. Small Intestine
pyloric valve |
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Definition
| valve in between stomach and small intestine |
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Term
Step 4. Small Intestine
duodenum |
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Definition
| first part of small intestine, performs chemical digestion |
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Term
Step 4. Small Intestine
jejunum and ileum |
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Definition
| second and third parts of small intestine, perform absorption of small nutrients |
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Term
Step 4. Small Intestine
What 3 substances does the pancreas release into the duodenum, what do they do? |
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Definition
amylase
trypsin - finishes breaking down proteins
lipase - breaks down fat |
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Term
Step 4. Small Intestine
liver, bile, gallbladder |
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Definition
liver: produces bile
bile: emulsifies fats (makes them easier to absorb)
gallbladde: stores bile |
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Term
Step 4. Small Intestine
villi |
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Definition
| small folds that increase the surface area available to absorb nutrients; capillaries line the small intestine for nutrients to enter the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| absorbs water, some bacteria produce vitamin K |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny pocket at the beginning of large intestine |
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