Term
| What are the main functions of the digestive system? |
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Definition
| Take in or ingest food; break it down so nutrients can be absorbed; eliminate what cannot be digested - our solid waste |
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Term
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Definition
| Using physical force to break food down into smaller pieces |
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Term
| Examples of mechanical digestion |
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Definition
| Chewing food, stomach churning |
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Term
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Definition
| The breaking down of large molecules in food into smaller substances |
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Term
| Examples of chemical digestion |
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Definition
| Digestive enzymes and stomach acid |
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Term
| Order of organs in the digestive system |
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Definition
| Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine or colon, rectum, anus |
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Term
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Definition
| Take in food, mechanically break down food by chewing and mix it with saliva formed in salivary glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Moisten food so it can be swallowed comfortably, contains amylase |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch |
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Term
| Where does digestion begin? |
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Definition
| In the mouth, both mechanical and chemical |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular tube that connects the pharynx or throat with the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle that makes up the digestive tract and pushes food in a one way direction from mouth to anus |
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Definition
| Muscular pouch located at the end of the esophagus. Digestion continues here. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acid formed in the stomach; very acidic - pH or 1 to 2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical digestion that occurs in the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that breaks down proteins. Released into the stomach, active at very low pH values |
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Term
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Definition
| Long (7 m or 23 ft) muscular tube connected to the stomach; digestion is completed here and food is absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| First 12 to 14 inches of the small intestines; where chemical digestion is completed; the pH becomes basic here |
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Term
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Definition
| Small fingerlike projections that line the small intestines, increasing surface area |
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Term
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Definition
| Even smaller projections that cover the surface of a villus |
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Term
| What is the total surface area of the small intestine? |
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Definition
| It is equal to that of a tennis court |
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Term
| Why does the small intestine have such a large surface area? |
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Definition
| To allow digestive food particles to be absorbed into the blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| Large, muscular tube attached to the small intestine, it is about 1.5 m or 5 ft long |
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Term
| Function of the large intestine |
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Definition
| Reabsorb water, concentrate waste |
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Term
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Definition
| Watery, partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the intestines |
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Term
| What is the function of the bacteria in the large intestines? |
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Definition
| They produce vitamin K and some forms vitamin B |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, finger-shaped sac; part of the colon, no known function |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation and infection of the appendix |
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Term
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Definition
| Solid waste composed of indigestable cellulose and other substances |
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Term
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Definition
| Final region of the colon; temporarily stores feces until they can be eliminated |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening at the end of the digestive tract to the outside of the body through which solid waste is eliminated |
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Term
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Definition
| Accessory organ of digestion located near the stomach |
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Term
| What are the functions of the pancreas? |
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Definition
| To produce enzymes that digest carbohydrate, proteins and fats in the duodenum and to produce hormones such as insulin |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest internal organ located in the abdomen; produces bile |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance produced by the liver; helps break down fats |
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Term
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Definition
| Small pouch-like organ that stores bile salts made by the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Hard crystals made of cholesterol that can form in the gallbladder and disrupt its normal functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called acid reflux; when stomach acid escapes up the esophagus and irritates the lining of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| When partially digested food is expelled from the stomach, up the esophagus and out of the body; it carries irritating stomach acid with it |
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Term
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Definition
| When the large intestine is inflamed and peristalsis moves wastes through that organ at a fast pace so that water cannot be reabsorbed |
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