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| secretion, absorption, and protection. mucous membrane or mucose. Any body cavity that leads to the outside. Layers: Epithithelium, lamina propria, musculairs mucosae- fine movement, inner and outer. Sphincters: rings of muscle going around a tube. Inner circular layer |
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| connective tissue. glands as extensions of epithelium in duodenum (Brunner's gland) Peyer's patches lymphatic nodules (within the ileum) Function: blood vessels, delivers nutrients to epithelium, highly vascularized |
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| muscle contraction. Inner circular layer (thickened to form sphincters) throughout cardiac, pyloric, ileocolic & internal anal sphincters, outer longitudinal layer. Taeniae coli in LI which form pouches or sacculations called haustra. Peristalsis- rhythmical contractions moving food in one way. Segmentation, different regions contract, sloshed back and fourth |
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| Tunica serosa/tunica adventitia (thicker) |
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| think outside layer, simple squamous epithelium. Function: secrete serous fluid to reduce friction |
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| anchor liver from diaphragm |
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| attaches to stomach. Keep organs lubricated |
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| erosion of tunics. Erosion gone through all 4 walls |
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| goes to tunica serosa but doesn't invade |
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| penetrated all layers and metastasized |
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| stratified squamous from lips to cardiac sphincter. stratified squamous at ano-rectal junction. simple columnar from gastro-esophageal junction through rectum. Epithelial cell types: mucus neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells, enteroendocrine cells, smple columnar cell with brush border, goblet cells, simple columnar cells with no brush border |
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Definition
| penetrated by gastric glands in stomach. Found within the villi of SI & penetrated by intestinal crypts. Penetrated by intestinal glands of LI |
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| thin, scanty, smooth muscle layer, longitudinal folds of esophagus, plicae in SI & LI. Plicae circulares-SI, plicae semilunares- (LI) |
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| holding tank for food. Inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal |
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| muscular edges when empty. When full they disappear |
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| bumps increase surface area. deep permanent. 3x |
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| only in small intestine. 10x |
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| finger like projections. 20x |
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| body attacks villi when consuming glucose |
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| ridges in L.A. more undeveloped. Tenica coli-haustra-little sacs |
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| salivary amylase. works on carbs, lots of water. Mumps- swollen parotid gland |
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| under mandible; secretes salivary amylase & mucous |
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| lots of mucous, under tongue |
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| secretes food to be soft, breaks down bacteria. Lysosome |
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| Exocrine secretions- trypinogen secretes and produces all |
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| falciform and round ligaments. Enclosed in visceral peritoneum. Made up of hepatocytes which secrete bile |
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| Emulsifier- 1 side likes fat, one likes water. Bile- bilirubin. |
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| Hyperbilirubinemia- yellow cast to skin. Too much bilirubin. Liver cirrhosis. hepatitis |
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| store and concentrate gall bladder |
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| stomach mucosa. stim gastric and small intestine motility. Stim secretion of gastric juices |
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| duodnal mucosa. entero, stim bicarbonate ion. stim secretion |
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| duodnal mucosa. Contraction of gall bladder. Relaxation of hepatopancreatic sphinctor |
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| breaking down molecules from big to small |
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| primary chemical breakdown. Absorption of nutrients |
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| Large intestine haustral churning |
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| glucose, fructose, galactose |
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| oligo+ tri-> di(dextrinase, glucoamylase), di's to mono (sucrase, lactase, maltase) |
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| glucose, galactose, fructose |
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Definition
| energy. into epithelial cell (brush border) out of epithelial cell |
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| 2 amino acids. Peptide bond holds amino acids together. Amino end and carboxyl end. |
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| H + Cl to pepsin breaks down proteins |
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| Neck (mucous) stomach cells |
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| Stomach enzyme activation |
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| HCl activates enzyme and denature (folds down) destroys bacteria. Stimulates release of CCK & secretin. Layer of mucous protects. Asprin inhibits mucous. |
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| Small intestine pancreatic juice |
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Definition
| trypsinogen-trypsin, chymotrypsinogen- chymotrypsin, procarboxypeptidase- carboxypeptidase |
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| aminopeptidase- break down amino bond. Dipeptidase- cleaves the last one |
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| Endopeptidases: inside chain |
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Definition
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| Exopeptidases: outside chain |
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| aminopeptidase, carbocypeptidase |
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| secretes lysozyme to break bacteria. Brunners gland-alkaline layer of mucus. |
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| composed of H and C. saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids-double bond |
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| monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides(mostly eat this) |
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| gastric lipase. not effective |
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| pancreatic lipase, epithelial lipase. Micelles form in lumen and carry fatty elements in brush border |
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| does mono work. right into blood, no problem |
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| tryglyceride. A bundle of them, chylomicron |
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| bundle of triglyceride. fatty elements a lot. VLDL- very low density lipoprotein, fewer fatty elements. Formed in epithelial cells, function to move fat thru blood. Short chain fatty acids move into blood and are transported to the liver by hepatic portal vein. |
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