Term
| Where are bacteria not found in the alimentary/GI tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are normal flora of the mouth and intestines? |
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Definition
- Mouth - Streptococcus, can form biofilms
- Intestine - prevent colonization |
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Term
| What is the main reason for tooth loss? |
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Definition
| Dental Caries caused by Streptococcus mutans which grow on teeth in high sugar environments. Produce GLUCANS from sugar - form a plaque |
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Term
| What is Periodontal disease? |
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Definition
Disease of the gums that can loosen teeth, caused by dental plaques at the gum line = tartar
**More common with increasing age |
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Term
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Definition
| "Vincent's Disease" or ANUG - a severe form of gingivitis caused by Treponema, gram(-) spirochete |
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Term
| What does H. pylori cause? |
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Definition
Ulcers! burrows into mucosal lining, secreting ammonia to neutralize pH
**Combined antibiotic therapy required. |
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Term
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Definition
From contaminated water, caused by Vibrio cholerae, a toxin producing bacteria through fecal contamination
**Replace fluids and electrolytes |
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Term
| How does Cholera toxin work? |
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Definition
An A-B toxin:
- A: Secretion of fluid leads to water stool and dehydration
- B: binds toxin to cells |
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Term
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Definition
Shigella, specifically Shigella dysenterriae, causes dysentery,
- bacteria are eaten by cells of large intestine, develop actin cells and migrate. As dead cells slough, inflammatory response occurs |
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Term
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Definition
An A-B toxin that acts much like cholera toxin, but also kills infected cells.
**Unlike cholera, has a low infecting dose. Must replace fluids |
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Term
| What is E. coli gastroenteritis? |
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Definition
Food poisoning caused by E. coli
- Virulence: Enterotoxin and adherence to small intestinal cells |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of E. coli gastroenteritis? |
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Definition
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) - traveler's diarrhea
- Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) - resembles Shigella w/ damage and irritation
- Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) - spreads in closed settings such as nurseries
- Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) - Severe cases due to potent toxins |
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Term
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Definition
Food poisoning caused by S. enterica or S. Typhi. Large #s required for infection
- Usually an animal source except typhoid. A vaccine available for typhoid |
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Term
| What is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea? |
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Definition
Campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter jejuni, a gram(-) bacilli through food and water, unpasteurized milk
- Small infecting dose - can lead to Guillain Barre Syndrome (paralysis) |
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Term
| What are the causative agents of digestive infections? |
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Definition
- Dental caries - Streptococcus mutans
- Periodontal disease
- Trench Mouth - Treponema, gram(-)
- Ulcers - Heliobacter pylori
- Cholera - Vibrio cholerae
- Shigellosis - Shigella dysenterriae
- Gastroenteritis - E. coli
- Salmonellosis - S. typhi
- Campylobacteriosis - Campylobacter jejuni, gram(-) |
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