Term
| Medical nutrition therapy |
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Definition
use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness, injury or condition.
modifying diets to meet requirements created by disease or injury |
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Term
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Definition
A diet used as a medical treatment.
planned and intstructed by dietician
nurse serves and monitors the diet |
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Term
| Liquid Diets (CLEAR LIQUID) |
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Definition
Clear liquid
-non irritating
-easy digest and absorbed
-little reside in GI tract
-appear clear
-before diagnostic test
-post op, until bowel functions return
-diarrhea or vomiting
-Food: bouillon, grapes,apples, cranberry juice |
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Term
| Liquid Diets (FULL LIQUID) |
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Definition
All clear liquids plus milk products
-more nutrients than clear
-used as transition after clear diet
-strained cereals, strained soups, fruit and vegetable juices |
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Term
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Definition
| Food, fiber, and other substances that remain in colon after digestion |
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Term
| Soft and Low residue diets |
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Definition
An intermediate diet
-used for conditions affecting the GI tract (inflammatory bowel disease, gastritis)
-All 5 food groups excluding whole grain and high fiber
-exclude milk
-mechanical soft with chewing or swallowing difficulties
(pureed, chopped, liquefied) |
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Term
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Definition
-variation of regular diet
-treat conditions like constipation, diabetes, diverticulosis
-foods: increase in raw fruits and veggies, whole grain
-increase intake slowly
-adequate fluid intake is essentail |
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Term
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Definition
| clear liquid-full liquid-soft diet-regualr |
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Term
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Definition
| for GI disorders, nausea, indigestion,GI reflux, pancreatitis |
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Term
| Kilocalorie Modifications |
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Definition
Body needs specific amount of energy to carry out tasks
Intake: from food and beverages
Output: energy used by body at rest, physical activity, and digestion of food |
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Term
| High Kilocalorie and high protein diets |
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Definition
| needed during time of physiological stress (surgery, bone fx, sepsis, burns) |
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Term
| Kilocalorie controlled and low kilocalorie diets |
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Definition
| used to treat obesity and prevention of excess weight gain |
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Term
| Peptic Ulcer disease guidelines |
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Definition
-frequent small meals
-avoid gastric acid stimulants
-caffeine, spices, alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| Body does not produce or properly use insulin (converts sugar, starches into energy) |
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Term
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Definition
Limit simple sugars, emphasizes proper amount of fiber, limit fat and cholesterol
-balanced diet to keep insulin needs steady |
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Term
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Definition
Limit saturated fat and trans fatty acids
-Aimed at controlling cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Limit all fats, regardless of saturation
-used to treat diseases that cause fat malabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
-Protein restricted diet to decrease the amount of nitrogen waste in blood
-Protein waste products build up in the blood when kidney is not able to filter them out |
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Term
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Definition
-treat hypertension, water retention, edema and cogestive heart failure
-restrictions range from no added salt to as little as 500mg per day
-foods to limit: canned soups, salty sauces and spices, olives |
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Term
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Definition
Treat high blood pressure or replace lost potassium due to meds
Foods: avacado, cantaloupe, potato |
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Term
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Definition
Renal failure and kidney disease
-Blood levels of K+ could increase to the point of causing arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest |
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Term
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Definition
During congestive heart failure, directly after myocardial infarction, in hepatic coma or ascites, kidney disease pr renal failure
-Pt may experience excessive thirst: rinse mouth with cold mouthwash, lemon in cold water, freezing fluids, cold fruits and veggies, breath mints.... |
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Term
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Definition
| Pts with kidney stones, UTI, dehydration, diahrrea, vommiting, burn victims |
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Term
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Definition
administration of nutritionally balanced liquefied foods or formula through a tuber is inserted into stomach, duodenum, or jejunum b way of a nasogastric tube or feeding ostomy
-continuously or intermittenly |
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Term
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Definition
-administering nutrients into GI tract
-usually nasogastric tube |
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Term
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Definition
IV feedings
-administration of hypertonic solution into large central vein
-composed of glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and electrolytes, fats also given as a supplement to the main formula
-Pts with nonfunctioning or dysfunctional GI tract |
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Term
| indication formula is to strong or to much |
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Definition
abdominal distention'
diarrhea
nausea |
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Term
| complications of tube feedings |
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Definition
-diarrhea
-infection
-aspiration
-overhydration
-dehydration |
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Term
| Common tube feeding formulas: |
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Definition
-ensure
-compleat
-vivonex
-glucerna-specific for diabetic pts |
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Term
| nasogastric tube feedings |
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Definition
most common
fowlers position
check the residual
-30 mL syringe, withdraw contents
-Over 50-100 mL delay or withhold feeding |
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Term
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Definition
| Infuse formula water via drip rate over 20-30 miunutes then water over few minutes |
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Term
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Definition
Formula poured into open syringe and allowed to flow via gravity
Refill syringe until formula finished then water
Do not allow air to enter tube, may cause gas and discomfort |
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Term
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Definition
formula into feed bag which is infused via a pump
flush with water |
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Term
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Definition
-pliable tube that is inserted through the nasopharynx into the stomach
-allows for removal of gastric contents and introduction of liquids into the stomach
-primary purpose is decompression or removal of fatus and fluids from the stomach |
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Term
| Removal of nasogratric tube |
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Definition
fowlers position
remove tape
disconnect from suction
instruct pt to take deep breath
while pt holds breath, pull quick and gently |
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Term
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Definition
measure tip of nose to earlobe to tip of xiphoid process
mark with tape
lubricate and insert
have pt flex neck
pt to swallow water
check placement |
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Term
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Definition
brown, formed and soft
1-3 days |
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Term
| abnormal feces: Black/tarry |
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Definition
bleeding from stomach or beginning of small instestine, foul odor
-gastric ulcers, iron supplements (no blood) |
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Term
| Abnormal Feces: Greenish/black |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormal Feces: Yellow or clay colored |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hemorroid bleeding or beets |
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Term
| Abnormal Feces: green or orange |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| narrow, partial obstruction or rapid movement |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial infection or food |
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Term
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Definition
-range from mucus to pus
-objects swallowed
-evidence of worms or intestinal parasites
-seeds or skins from undigested food (corn) |
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Term
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Definition
| Located below pts left side and passes formed stool |
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Term
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Definition
| located high on pts left side and passes semi-solid stool |
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Term
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Definition
| located epigastric area and passes semisoft stool |
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Term
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Definition
| located below pts right side and passes liquid stool |
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Term
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Definition
a surgical creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall formed by incising the colon and bringing it out to form a stoma on the abdominal surface
cancer of the colon, intestinal obstructions, intestinal trauma or inflammatory diseases |
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Term
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Definition
surgical formation of an opening of the ileum onto the surface of the abdomen through which fecal matter is emptied
-expels liquid stool
-pts with inflammatory bowel conditions and cancer of the large intestin
-stoma smaller and located lower on abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
pouch worn over stoma to catch bowel movements
-drained or emptied
-empty when 1/2 or less
-change 1-2x week |
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Term
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Definition
| blood is fresh and that the site of bleeding is in lower gastrointestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| old blood, bleeding is higher in GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
blood is present in stool but cant be seen without a microscope
-hemocult test detects occult blood in feces |
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Term
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Definition
inability to control defications
Causes: diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
frequent passage of liquid stool
-causes fluid and electrolyte imbalance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dry, hard, obstructive mass of feces |
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