Term
|
Definition
| Painful, abnormal, difficult, labored Example: Dyspepsia – Difficult or painful digestion, often referred to as indigestion, characterized by symptoms like bloating, nausea, or heartburn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Within, in Example: Endogastric – A term referring to something occurring within the stomach, such as an endogastric procedure that involves accessing the interior of the stomach for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Half Example: Hemigastrectomy – Surgical removal of half of the stomach, typically performed to treat severe ulcers or stomach cancer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive or above normal Example: Hypergastrinemia – A condition involving excessive levels of gastrin (a digestive hormone) in the blood, which can lead to overproduction of stomach acid and conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Below normal or deficient Example: Hypoglycemia – A condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, often causing symptoms like dizziness, weakness, and confusion, and requiring prompt treatment with glucose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bad or poor Example: Malabsorption – Poor absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract, which can result from conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or chronic pancreatitis, leading to malnutrition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beside, near, or abnormal Example: Para colitis – Inflammation occurring near or adjacent to the colon, often associated with diverticulitis or infections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Around or surrounding Example: Peri gastric – Pertaining to the area around the stomach, often used to describe inflammation, abscesses, or surgical observations in this region. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Under, below Example: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to medications that dissolve beneath the tongue for quick absorption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Across or through Example: Transgastric – Referring to procedures or conditions that occur through the stomach, such as a trans gastric endoscopic procedure used for accessing abdominal organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to Example: Celiac – Pertaining to the abdomen, often used in conditions like celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten damages the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to Example: Colorectal – Pertaining to the colon and rectum, often used in the context of colorectal cancer or surgeries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hernia, protrusion Example: Gastrocele – A hernia of the stomach, often resulting from a weakness in the diaphragm or abdominal wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid Example: Paracentesis – A procedure involving the surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove excess fluid, commonly performed in cases of ascites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to Example: Esophageal – Pertaining to the esophagus, such as in esophageal reflux, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excision Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, often performed in cases of appendicitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The record, radiographic image Example: Cholangiogram – A radiographic image of the bile ducts obtained using contrast material, often performed during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to assess blockages or other abnormalities in the bile ducts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of recording Example: Electrogastrography – The process of recording the electrical activity of the stomach to assess its motility and function, often used to diagnose conditions like gastroparesis or dyspepsia.. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition of, diseased state, abnormal state Example: Dyspepsia – A condition of impaired digestion, often characterized by bloating, discomfort, and nausea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition Example: Cholelithiasis – A condition involving the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder, which can cause pain and blockages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialist who studies and treats Example: Gastroenterologist – A specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and liver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of Example: Hepatology – The study of the liver, including diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Softening Example: Esophagomalacia – Softening of the esophageal walls, often caused by chronic acid reflux (GERD), prolonged inflammation, or structural weakness, which may lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or esophageal collapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enlargement Example: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, which can occur in conditions like fatty liver disease or hepatitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to Example: Hepatic – Pertaining to the liver, as in hepatic function tests, which evaluate liver health. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation Example: Gastritis – Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infections, medications, or alcohol use. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tumor Example: Gastrinoma – A tumor that secretes gastrin, often associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, leading to excessive stomach acid production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal condition Example: Diverticulosis – A condition where small pouches form in the colon wall, which can become inflamed (diverticulitis). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease Example: Gastropathy – A disease of the stomach, often referring to damage caused by chronic use of NSAIDs or alcohol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eating or swallowing Example: Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing, which can result from conditions affecting the esophagus or nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surgical repair Example: Pyloroplasty – Surgical repair or widening of the pyloric sphincter to improve the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prolapse, drooping Example: Gastroptosis – Prolapse or downward displacement of the stomach, often caused by weakened abdominal muscles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suturing, repairing Example: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia, often performed to reinforce the abdominal wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flow, discharge Example: Diarrhea – Frequent, watery bowel movements, often caused by infections, medications, or food intolerances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Instrument used for visualization Example: Colonoscope – An instrument used to visualize the interior of the colon during a colonoscopy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of viewing, visualization Example: Endoscopy – The process of visualizing the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a camera. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creation of an artificial opening Example: Colostomy – A surgical procedure to create an opening from the colon to the abdominal surface for waste elimination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incision, cut into Example: Laparotomy – A surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to diagnose or treat abdominal conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal Example: Abdominoplasty – Surgical repair or reconstruction of the abdomen, often referred to as a "tummy tuck." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anus Example: Anoplasty – Surgical repair of the anus, often performed to treat congenital defects or damage caused by trauma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antrum Example: Antrectomy – Surgical removal of the antrum, a part of the stomach, often done to treat ulcers or cancer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, typically performed in cases of appendicitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Appendix Example: Appendicitis – Inflammation of the appendix, often causing abdominal pain and requiring surgical intervention. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cecum Example: Cecopexy – Surgical fixation of the cecum, often performed to correct volvulus (twisting of the bowel). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal cavity Example: Celiotomy – Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to explore or treat abdominal conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lip Example: Cheilitis – Inflammation of the lips, often caused by irritation, infection, or nutritional deficiencies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gall, bile Example: Cholecystitis – Inflammation of the gallbladder, commonly caused by gallstones blocking the bile ducts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common bile duct Example: Choledocholithiasis – The presence of stones in the common bile duct, often requiring removal to restore bile flow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Colon Example: Colitis – Inflammation of the colon, which can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intestine Example: Enteritis – Inflammation of the intestines, often caused by infection or irritants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Esophagus Example: Esophagitis – Inflammation of the esophagus, often resulting from acid reflux or infections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stomach Example: Gastrectomy – Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach, typically to treat ulcers, cancer, or severe obesity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gum Example: Gingivitis – Inflammation of the gums, often caused by poor oral hygiene or bacterial infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tongue Example: Glossitis is inflammation of the tongue that can cause swelling, redness, and pain. It is often caused by infections or nutritional deficiencies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liver Example: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, often caused by infections, fatty liver disease, or cancer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hernia, protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall Example: Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia to reposition the protruding organ and strengthen the surrounding tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdomen, abdominal cavity Example: Laparoscopy – A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to view and treat abdominal or pelvic conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tongue Example: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to the administration of medications for rapid absorption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mouth Example: Oral – Pertaining to the mouth, such as in oral hygiene practices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Palate Example: Palatoplasty – Surgical repair of the palate, often performed to correct cleft palate deformities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pancreas Example: Pancreatitis – Inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by gallstones or excessive alcohol consumption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peritoneum Example: Peritonitis – Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, often caused by infection or perforation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Polyp, small growth Example: Polypectomy – Surgical removal of a polyp, often performed during a colonoscopy to prevent cancer development. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rectum Example: Proctitis – Inflammation of the rectum, which can cause discomfort, bleeding, and urgency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pylorus, pyloric sphincter Example: Pyloroplasty – Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter to improve food passage from the stomach to the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rectum Example: Rectocele – A bulging of the rectum into the vaginal wall, often caused by weakening of pelvic floor muscles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Saliva, salivary gland Example: Sialadenitis – Inflammation of a salivary gland, often caused by bacterial infections or blockages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fat Example: Steatorrhea – Excess fat in stool, often a sign of malabsorption disorders like celiac disease or chronic pancreatitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mouth Example: Stomatitis – Inflammation of the mouth, which can result from infections, irritants, or systemic diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uvula Example: Uvulectomy – Surgical removal of the uvula, often performed to treat snoring or sleep apnea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dryness Example: Xerostomia – Dryness of the mouth caused by reduced saliva production, often associated with certain medications or medical conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measurement of body fat based on height and weight, used to assess whether an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. |
|
|
Term
| EGD = Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
|
Definition
| A diagnostic procedure in which a flexible endoscope is used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in infants or children characterized by insufficient weight gain or growth, often caused by inadequate nutrition or underlying medical conditions |
|
|
Term
| GERD = Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
|
Definition
| A chronic condition in which stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referring to the digestive system, which includes the stomach, intestines, and associated organs involved in digestion and nutrient absorption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which a portion of the intestine or abdominal tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the inguinal canal, causing a bulge in the groin. |
|
|
Term
| IBD = Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
|
Definition
| A group of chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, primarily including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. |
|
|
Term
| IBS = Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
|
Definition
| A common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits (constipation, diarrhea, or both). |
|
|
Term
| NG Tube = Nasogastric Tube |
|
Definition
| A tube inserted through the nose into the stomach, used for feeding, administering medications, or draining stomach contents. |
|
|
Term
| NAFLD = Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver not caused by alcohol consumption, often associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. |
|
|
Term
| PUD = Peptic Ulcer Disease |
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by open sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or the use of NSAIDs. |
|
|
Term
| PN = Parenteral Nutrition |
|
Definition
| A method of providing nutrition intravenously, bypassing the digestive tract, often used in patients with severe gastrointestinal conditions or after surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes chronic inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Named After: Johann Conrad Brunner, a Swiss anatomist. Glands in the duodenum that secrete alkaline mucus to protect the intestinal lining. These glands help neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, playing a key role in preventing damage to the intestinal mucosa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Named After: Burrill Crohn, an American gastroenterologist.
A chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, often affecting the ileum and colon. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and malnutrition. It is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Named After: Augustin Nicolas Gilbert, a French physician.
A hereditary liver disorder resulting in mildly elevated bilirubin levels, typically without significant symptoms. It is often detected incidentally during routine blood tests and is usually benign. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Named After: Allen Whipple, an American surgeon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Without, lack of Example: Anuria – The absence of urine production, often indicating kidney failure or severe dehydration, requiring immediate medical evaluation and treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Through, complete Example: Dialysis is a medical procedure that removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys can no longer function properly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difficult, painful, or abnormal Example: Dysuria – Painful or difficult urination, often caused by urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, or other underlying conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive, above normal Example: Hyperuricemia – Excessive levels of uric acid in the blood, which can lead to conditions such as gout or kidney stones if untreated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Below normal, deficient Example: Hyposthenuria – The excretion of excessively dilute urine due to the kidneys' inability to concentrate it properly, often associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus or chronic kidney disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many, excessive Example: Polyuria – Excessive urine output, commonly associated with conditions like diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, often leading to dehydration if untreated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Night Example: Nocturia – Frequent urination at night, which can disrupt sleep and may result from conditions like overactive bladder, urinary tract infections, or heart failure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Few or scanty Example: Oliguria – Scanty urine output, often a sign of kidney dysfunction, dehydration, or shock, requiring urgent medical attention. |
|
|
