Root: hepa

Suffix: titis

Ac

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid 

Ex: Paracentesis- a procedure involving the surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove excess fluid.

-eal

Ex: Esophageal – Pertaining to the esophagus, such as in esophageal reflux, where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. 

 Ex: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, often performed in cases of appendicitis.

The record, radiographic image Example: Cholangiogram – A radiographic image of the bile ducts obtained using contrast material, often performed during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to assess blockages or other abnormalities in the bile ducts.

Condition of, diseased state, abnormal state Example: Dyspepsia – A condition of impaired digestion, often characterized by bloating, discomfort, and nausea.

Ex: Hepatic – Pertaining to the liver, as in hepatic function tests, which evaluate liver health.

Inflammation

Ex: Gastritis – Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infections, medications, or alcohol use.

Specialist who studies and treats

Ex:Gastroenterologist – A specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and liver.

 Ex:Hepatology – The study of the liver, including diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Softening 

Ex: Esophagomalacia – Softening of the esophageal walls, often caused by chronic acid reflux (GERD), prolonged inflammation, or structural weakness, which may lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or esophageal collapse.

Enlargment

Ex: Hepatomegaly – Enlargement of the liver, which can occur in conditions like fatty liver disease or hepatitis. -oma: Tumor Example: Gastrinoma – A tumor that secretes gastrin, often associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, leading to excessive stomach acid production.

Abnormal Condition

 Ex: Diverticulosis – A condition where small pouches form in the colon wall, which can become inflamed (diverticulitis).

Disease

Ex: Gastropathy – A disease of the stomach, often referring to damage caused by chronic use of NSAIDs or alcohol. -phagia: Eating or swallowing Example: Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing, which can result from conditions affecting the esophagus or nervous system.

Painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

Ex: Dyspepsia – Difficult or painful digestion, often referred to as indigestion, characterized by symptoms like bloating, nausea, or heartburn.

Within, in

Ex: Endogastric – A term referring to something occurring within the stomach, such as an endogastric procedure that involves accessing the interior of the stomach for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Half

Ex: Hemigastrectomy – Surgical removal of half of the stomach, typically performed to treat severe ulcers or stomach cancer.

Half

Ex: Hemigastrectomy – Surgical removal of half of the stomach, typically performed to treat severe ulcers or stomach cancer.

Half

Example: Hemigastrectomy – Surgical removal of half of the stomach, typically performed to treat severe ulcers or stomach cancer.

Bad or poor

Ex: Malabsorption – Poor absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract, which can result from conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or chronic pancreatitis, leading to malnutrition.

Beside, near, or abnormal

Ex: Paracolitis – Inflammation occurring near or adjacent to the colon, often associated with diverticulitis or infections.

Around or surrounding

Ex: Perigastric – Pertaining to the area around the stomach, often used to describe inflammation, abscesses, or surgical observations in this region.

Under, below

Ex: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to medications that dissolve beneath the tongue for quick absorption.

Under, below

Ex: Sublingual – Situated under the tongue, often referring to medications that dissolve beneath the tongue for quick absorption.

trans-

Across or through

Ex: Transgastric – Referring to procedures or conditions that occur through the stomach, such as a transgastric endoscopic procedure used for accessing abdominal organs.

Abdomen, abdominal

Ex: Abdominoplasty – Surgical repair or reconstruction of the abdomen, often referred to as a "tummy tuck."

Anus

Ex: Anoplasty – Surgical repair of the anus, often performed to treat congenital defects or damage caused by trauma. antr/o: Antrum Example: Antrectomy – Surgical removal of the antrum, a part of the stomach, often done to treat ulcers or cancer.

Appendix

Ex: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, typically performed in cases of appendicitis.

Appendix

Ex: Appendicitis – Inflammation of the appendix, often causing abdominal pain and requiring surgical intervention.

Appendix

Ex: Appendectomy – Surgical removal of the appendix, typically performed in cases of appendicitis.

Appendix

Ex: Appendicitis – Inflammation of the appendix, often causing abdominal pain and requiring surgical intervention.

Cecum

Ex: Cecopexy – Surgical fixation of the cecum, often performed to correct volvulus (twisting of the bowel).

Abdomen, abdominal cavity

Ex: Celiotomy – Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, often performed to explore or treat abdominal conditions.

Lip

Ex: Cheilitis – Inflammation of the lips, often caused by irritation, infection, or nutritional deficiencies.

Gall, bile

Ex: Cholecystitis – Inflammation of the gallbladder, commonly caused by gallstones blocking the bile ducts.

Colon

Ex: Colitis – Inflammation of the colon, which can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping.

Intestine

Ex: Enteritis – Inflammation of the intestines, often caused by infection or irritants.

Esophagus

Ex: Esophagitis – Inflammation of the esophagus, often resulting from acid reflux or infections.

Stomach

Ex: Gastrectomy – Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach, typically to treat ulcers, cancer, or severe obesity.

Gum

Ex: Gingivitis – Inflammation of the gums, often caused by poor oral hygiene or bacterial infection.