Term
| Where does fermentation occur in the horse? Why is this an advantage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for feed to move through the digestive tract of the horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does nutrient absorption primarily occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the mouth? |
|
Definition
prehension
moistening
chewing to reduce particle size |
|
|
Term
| Why is lateral grinding motion of the horse's mouth limited? |
|
Definition
| the lower jaw is narrower than the upper jaw |
|
|
Term
| Which gland secretes the majority of equine saliva? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is found in saliva & is involved in carbohydrate digestion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
A small amount of fermentation occurs in the equine stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are lipids digested? |
|
Definition
a small amount in the stomach (gastric lipase)
majority in the SI (bile secretion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| horses have no gall bladder, it is secreted directly from the bile duct |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the large intestine? |
|
Definition
cecum
large colon
small colon
rectum |
|
|
Term
True or False
Horses have a larger cecum than cows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the efficiency of fiber fermentation in the horse's cecum vs a cow's rumen? |
|
Definition
| horses are 66% less efficient |
|
|
Term
| What are the products of microbial fermentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What proportion of a horse's energy needs can be met via VFA synthesis from microbial fermentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to undigested dietary protein? |
|
Definition
| degraded to ammonia in the LI |
|
|
Term
| Why do young animals require a fortified diet to meet their vitamin needs? |
|
Definition
| they have limited synthesis of water-soluble vitamins by microbes |
|
|
Term
| Why are horses unable to make use of the AAs produced by microbes in the hindgut? |
|
Definition
there are no proteases here to break down the proteins
no active uptake of AAs in the LI (diffusion only) |
|
|
Term
| At what age is the cecum fully functional? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does protein digestion occur? |
|
Definition
small amount in stomach (gastric pepsin)
majority in SI |
|
|
Term
| Where would protein from hay primarily be digested? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are carbohydrates primarily digested & absorbed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to CHO which are not digested & absorbed in the SI? |
|
Definition
| metabolized to VFA in the LI |
|
|
Term
| What do cellulolytic bacteria do? How do they differ between horses & cows? |
|
Definition
digest cellulose & hemicellulose
horses & cows have similar population sizes but different types of protozoa |
|
|
Term
True or False
There is very little microbial alteration of fatty acids in horses |
|
Definition
True
-FA composition in the body mimics that of the diet |
|
|
Term
| Where is phosphorous primarily absorbed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do calcium levels affect phosphorous absorption? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Ca primarily absorbed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do phosphorous levels affect calcium absorption? |
|
Definition
| excess P reduce Ca absorption |
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage of having an enlarged cecum vs a rumen? |
|
Definition
| allows microbial fermentation while maintaining mechanical agility |
|
|
