Term
|
Definition
| when food enters organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degradation of large organisms into smaller |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digestive process that occurs of the cell, within a lumen |
|
|
Term
| how do unicellular organisms ingest food |
|
Definition
| by phagocytosis (ameobas engulfs)(paramecium: cilia sweeps food into the food groove and cytopharynx, vacoule engulfs cytoharynx |
|
|
Term
| how do unicellular organisms digest food |
|
Definition
| lysosome(w/digestive enzymes) fuses with vacoule which diffuse amoung the cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| how do paramecium excrete end products |
|
Definition
| solid wastes are expelled to the anal pore |
|
|
Term
| difference between physical and chemical breakdown |
|
Definition
| physical(grinding large into small by mouth and churning of digestive tract)….chemical(broken down by enzymatic hydrolisis) |
|
|
Term
| how do cnidarian injest food |
|
Definition
| tentacles bring food to mouth(cup likesac)….endodermal cells in gastrovascular cavity secrete digestive enzymes to make them smaller…cells engulf small particles….end product are release from the same mouth |
|
|
Term
| what is the annelid digestive order |
|
Definition
| mouth, pharaynx, crop(storage), gizzard(grind the food), intestine w/typholosole for maximum absorbtion (via SA)…then a separate anus |
|
|
Term
| how does soluble food get absorbed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do arthropods digest food |
|
Definition
| has crop(storage), gizzard(grinding), and salivary glands to improve digestion |
|
|
Term
| what are the crucial steps for digestion in humans…what are accesseory organs |
|
Definition
| oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine….acessory:salivary glands,pancreas,liver, gall bladder |
|
|
Term
| how does oral cavity contribute to digestion |
|
Definition
| mechanical(by chewing aka mastication)…chemical(salivary glands secrete saliva which lubricate food (saliva contains salivary amylase aka ptyalin which hydrolyzes starch to maltose(disaccaride) |
|
|
Term
| what triggers saliva..what is it for |
|
Definition
| nervous system trigger when food is present in mouth…for lubricating for swallowing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after phaynx,,, a muscular tube that leads food to stomach, food is moved down the esophagus by rhythmic waves involuntary by PERISTALSIS |
|
|
Term
| what is the wall of the stomach made up of |
|
Definition
| stores food (with help of walls of gastric mucosa which have glands that secrete mucus[protects stomach from acidity], the glands also secrete pepsin(aka HCl) hydrolyzes protein which breaks the "tissue glue" of food |
|
|
Term
| what is after the stomach |
|
Definition
| chyme(a semi fluid after pepsin that goes to duodenum of SI via pylotic sphincter) |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the small intestine |
|
Definition
| duodenum(most of digestion), jejunem, ileum |
|
|
Term
| how does the small intestine have a big SA |
|
Definition
| extremely coiled, finger like projection called villi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| finger link projections of Small Intestine, that absorb nutrients to capilaries and lacteals(vessels of lymphatic), amino acids and monosacrride are absorbed directly to capillaires while fats get converted by lacteals into fatty acids and gylcerol |
|
|
Term
| does absorbtion require energy |
|
Definition
| some do(gluclose and amino acids),,,,and some don't |
|
|
Term
| what does the intestinal mucosa secrete |
|
Definition
| lipases(fat digestion), aminopeptide(polypeptide digest), disaccride(digest of maltose,lactose[digested by lactase],sucrose) |
|
|
Term
| how are some adults lactose-intolerant |
|
Definition
| lack lactase in their intestinal mucosa to digest lactose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces bile which is stored in the gal bladder (bile breaks down fat w/o any enzymes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces amylase(carbohydate digestion), trypsin(protein digest), lipase(fat digest)….neutralizes acidic chime from stomach with bicaronate juice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1.5 meters long and aborbs salts, left over water….rectum stores feces waiting to get excreted |
|
|
Term
| how are plants digestion system |
|
Definition
| have only intracellular levels |
|
|
Term
| what kind of nutrients do plants store |
|
Definition
| polymers, starches, lipids, proteins…mainly starch(gluclose) which is found in seeds, stems, roots….when nutrition is required then the plants break down nutrients by hydrolysis enzymes and transport to other cells via diffision |
|
|
Term
| how do heterotrophic fungi digest food |
|
Definition
| secrete hydrolyzing enzymes to outside, then absorb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unique plant to have extracellular digestion to absorbs insect's nitrogen source |
|
|
