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DIG 3480C Midterm
Review
109
Software
Undergraduate 3
10/07/2012

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Cards

Term
What is PROGRAMMING?
Definition
Programming is a set of instructions that allow a computer to perform a specific task or set of tasks.
Term
What is a COMPILER?
Definition
A compiler is a special program that can convert code written in a programming language into assembly or machine language.
Term
What is SOURCE CODE?
Definition
The un-compiled version of a program is called source code.
Term

C/C++

Java

BASIC

Objective-C

Processing

Definition
Name programming languages
Term
What is SCRIPTING?
Definition
Scripting is a set of instructions that can modify the behavior of an already existing program.
Term
What is SCRIPTING LANGUAGE?
Definition

Scripting language defines a specific syntax and set of rules that allow humans to script the behavior of a program.

  • often has elements of natural language
  • usually not compiled but interpreted
  • Javascript, ActionScript, AppleScript, Perl, Python, and PHP
Term
Separating parts of a program into pieces that are ordered in a defined and predictable manner is called what?
Definition
LOGICAL FLOW
Term
What is the order that parts of the programming are executed called?
Definition
CONTROL FLOW
Term
What is SYNTAX?
Definition
Syntax is grammatical and structural rules that define how we read, write, and speak language. In the case of JavaScript, a "statement" contains numbers, characters, variables, symbols, etc. and ends with a semicolon.
Term
What are IDENTIFIERS?
Definition
Identifiers are words that are used to declare variables and constants, these are created by you. They should be descriptive of what they mean and what they contain.
Term
What is the difference between CONSTANTS and VARIABLES?
Definition
Constants are values that don't change over the course of a script whereas variables are values that can change over the course of a script (but they don't necessarily have to).
Term
What is the act of attaching a value to an identifier?
Definition
THE ASSIGNMENT OF A VARIABLE var name; //declaration name = "Alex"; //assignment
Term
STRINGS are enclosed in what?
Definition
quotation marks
Term
What is the difference between INTEGERS and FLOATS? What would you use to convert each one respectively from a string to a number?
Definition
Integers are whole numbers and floats are rational numbers with decimals. parseInt(); for integers and parseFloat(); for floats.
Term
What do CONCATINATIONS do?
Definition
When used with two strings, the + sign combines the two strings.
Term
What is the increment and decrement operators?
Definition
++; --
Term
What are BRANCHES?
Definition
Also known as conditionals when the program needs to make a decision about what code gets executed next.
Term
What checks if both values are true?
Definition
&& LOGICAL AND
Term
What checks if either value is true?
Definition
|| LOGICAL OR
Term
What checks if two values are not equal?
Definition
!= NOT
Term
The WHILE LOOP is an advanced programming technique that allows you to do something over and over while a conditional statement is true.
Definition

var x = 1;

 

while (x <10){

document.write(x + "how do you like them apples?");

x++

}

Term

What is this an example of? What does it do?

 

for(i=0; i<10; i++){

document.write("I love Joe!");

}

Definition
FOR LOOP; combines an initial condition variable (i=0); condition for continuing the loop (as long as i is less than 10) and the inital condition change (i++)
Term
What is an ARRAY?
Definition

An array is a special variable that holds multiple values.

 

var scouts = ["Venus", "Jupiter", "Mars", "Mercury"];

for(i=0;i

alert(scouts[i]);

}

Term
Peter Drucker
Definition
  1. one of the big gurus in business and management
  2. a theorist who believes a business model must answer 5 questions: what is our mission, who is our customer, what does our customer value, what are our results, and what is our plan
Term
In regards to a business model, what is our mission?
Definition
Why are you in business? What is our business suposed to accomplish?
Term
In regards to a business model, who is our customer?
Definition
Target market who pays
Term
In regards to a business model, what does our customer value?
Definition
relief you provided from the pain they experience
Term
In regards to a business model, what are our results?
Definition
What results do you want? If successful, you're on the right path.
Term
In regards to a business model, what is our plan?
Definition
Not formal 30 page business plan, but a series of small experiments to providefeedback and help you test and rework your original ideas until you best meet customer needs
Term
What is the purpose of a business model?
Definition
  1. creates value by differentiating itself from competitors and/or by meeting an un-served need
  2. finds ways to make money from what the business does
  3. describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value
Term
What is the criteria for a good business model?
Definition
  1. simple so a stakeholder can understand it
  2. relevant to stakeholder desires and needs
  3. intuitively understandable
  4. does not oversimplify the complexities of how the enterprise functions or makes money
Term
stakeholder
Definition
any person or business who is impacted by what your company does
Term
Why do business models fail?
Definition
  1. flawed logic; ex: Napter's copright assumptions
  2. limited strategic choices; company has to be prepared to change to satisfy changing customer needs
  3. imperfect value creation and capture assumptions; how to make money from the value you create; ex: Google ads
  4. incorrect assumptions about the value chain; value chains change over time; ex: UPS offering Toshiba place to operate in-house
Term
What is a customer segment?
Definition
Possible target markets.
Term
What are the 5 customer segment types?
Definition
  1. mass market
  2. niche market
  3. segmented
  4. diversified
  5. multi-sided market
Term
What is mass market?
Definition
broadly similar needs; ex: popularity of cell phones
Term
What is a niche market?
Definition
specific, specialized
Term
What is a segmented type customer segment?
Definition
focus on several segments with slightly similar needs
Term
What is a diversified type of customer segment?
Definition
focus on several segments with very different needs
Term
What is a multi-sided market?
Definition
serve two independent customer segments at the same time; ex: credit card company needs banks and consumers
Term
Differentiation
Definition
What makes you stand out? What is your personal brand? Companies will invest in what is uniquely available.
Term
What is a value proposition?
Definition
  1. Benefit customer derives from product/service
  2. Reason customer will buy
  3. Bundle of products/services that create value for a specific customer segment
  4. Solves a problem or fills a need
  5. Can be quantitative: price, speed of service
  6. Can be qualitative: design, customer experience
Term
What are 11 choices you can make to differentiate your product?
Definition

The following are sample value creation appeals you can choose from:

  1. Newness
  2. Performance
  3. Customization
  4. Getting the job done
  5. Design
  6. Brand/status
  7. Price
  8. Cost reduction
  9. Risk reduction
  10. Accessibility
  11. Convenience/usability

 

Term
According to Zig Zag, which 2 steps of the creativity process will be helpful in creating customer value?
Definition
  1. Step 2 - Learn by seeking out knowledge: practice deliberate learning; challenge yourself
  2. Step 3 - Look for answers all around you: be mindful, not mindless of things around you; look for new sights and new sounds; write down your observations
Term
What is the template of a value proposition?
Definition
  1. Highlight the enormity of problem
  2. Tell audience up front what your company sells
  3. Distill differentiation down to one, easy-to-comprehend sentence
  4. Establish credibility by sharing pedigree of entrepreneurs, customers, or investors
Term
What are the three basic motivations that companies have for building relationships with their customers?
Definition
  1. Acquisition
  2. Retention
  3. Upselling
Term
What is acquisition?
Definition
  1. One of the 3 basic motivation a company has in regards to customer relationships
  2. Getting the customer in the door, acquiring the new customer; hard to accomplish
Term
What is retention?
Definition
  1. One of the 3 basic motivation a company has in regards to customer relationships
  2. how can we hang on to customers and get them to keep buying again and again
Term
What is upselling?
Definition
  1. One of the 3 basic motivation a company has in regards to customer relationships
  2. How can the company upsell a customer to get them to buy something in addition to what they typically buy
Term
What are the categoies of customer relationships?
Definition
  1. Personal assistance: work w/ 1 sales person all through buying process
  2. Dedicated personal assistance: sales person continues to work w/ you even after the sale
  3. Self-service: firm provides means for customers to help themselves; ex: online banking
  4. Automated services: automated services recognizes individual customer and offers info
  5. Communities: user groups involve customers and facilitate connections among users; ex: KIVA, ebay
  6. Co-creation: customers work with company to co-create value; ex: Amazon rating system
Term
What are the components of a simple value chain?
Definition
  1. A value chain is all the businesses involved in the production of a product or service from raw materials through delivery to the final customer
  2. Essentially if we have raw materials from wholesaler, manufacturer buys from wholesaler, the distributor will sell to retailer who will sell to consumer
Term
What is a channel?
Definition
  1. How the organization communicates with and reaches customers to deliver value proposition
  2. included: communication, distribution (refer to simple value/supply chain), and sales
Term
What is the goal of channels?
Definition

Find the right balance between types of channels and integrate them to create great customer experience and maximize revenue

Term
What are the types of channels?
Definition
  1. Owned-direct: in-house sales force (sales ppl are your employees) or website provided higher profits, but costly to operate
  2. Owned-indirect: retail stores owned or operated by firm
  3. Partner: indirect; include other companies, wholesalers, retailers or partner-owned website; lower profits, but allows for expansion, and firm benefits from partner's strengths
Term
What are the phases of a channel?
Definition
  1. Awareness that customer has for your product
  2. Evaluation of value proposition by customer
  3. Purchase
  4. Delivery of value proposition
  5. After sales
Term
Who said the following and what does it mean? "Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life's coming attractions."
Definition
Albert Einstein; use your imagination as you choose from different option for building your business model
Term
Who is Mr. Bobby Fazoili?
Definition
  1. President and Founder of Player Athletics, UCF Grad 2007
  2. Developed a uniform brand
  3. Wasn't happy working for someone else, going off on his own is his biggest break
  4. Must look at calendar and examine when to offer product is critical to customer needs
  5. Finds customers through technology
  6. If you're in a business for yourself, know all angles
  7. Every partnership is a key opportunity
  8. Factor that contributes most to company: caring about company and clients
  9. Biggest inspiration brothers, sports, setting goals
Term
What are the advantages and disadvantages for a business to have more than one source of income?
Definition
  1. If you expand too much, it may get out of control
  2. Partnering with organizations within community to generate revenue streams
Term
What is an asset sale revenue stream?
Definition
Sell ownership right to a physical product
Term
What is a usage fee revenue stream?
Definition
Use of a particular service
Term
What is a subscription fee revenue stream?
Definition
Sell continuous access to service like a gym membership
Term
What is a lending/renting/leasing revenue stream?
Definition
temporarily grant exclusive right to use asset for fixed period in return for a fee
Term
What is a licensing revenue stream?
Definition
give franchise permission to use protected intellectual property (patent, trademark, copyright)
Term
What is a brokerage fee revenue stream?
Definition
intermediation service performed on behalf of two or more parties; ex: credit card providers, brokers and real estate agents
Term
What is an advertising revenue stream?
Definition
fee for advertising product, service or brand
Term
What are the types of a fixed pricing mechanism?
Definition
  1. List price: fixed prices for individual products or services
  2. Product feature dependent: price depends on number or quality of VP features
  3. Customer segment dependent: price depends on type and characteristic of a customer segment
  4. Volume dependent: price based on qua nity purchased
Term
What are the types of dynamic pricing mechanisms (where prices vary)?
Definition
  1. Negotation (bargaining): price negotiated between 2 or more partners depending on negotation power and/or skills
  2. Yield management: price depends on inventory and time of purchase; ex: hotel rooms
  3. Real-time-market: price established based on supply and demand
  4. Auctions: price determined by outcome of competitive bidding
Term
What are the most important things you have to have to make your business successful?
Definition
  1. Talented people like a web designer
  2. A great location
  3. A good relationship with partners
  4. Good time management
  5. Good product
Term
What are key resources?
Definition
Things owned, leased, or acquired from key partners
Term
What are the types of key resources?
Definition
  1. Physical: assets like manufacturing facilities, buildings, vehicles, machines, systems, and distribution networks
  2. Intellectual: brands, proprietary knowledge, patents, copyrights, partnerships, customer databases
  3. Human: more important in some firms than in others; HR is crucial in knowledge-intensive and creative industries like scientists
  4. Financial: financial resources and/or financial guarantees, cash, lines of credit, or stock option pool for hiring key employees
Term
What are key activities?
Definition
actions firm must take to operate successfully and create and offer a value proposition, reach markets, maintain customer relationships, and earn revenues
Term
What are the categories of key activities?
Definition
  1. Production: designing, making, and delivering product in substantial quantities and/or superior quality
  2. Problem solving: develop new solutions to individual customer problems; ex: consulting, hospitals, and other service organizations are dominated by problem solving activities; require knowledge management and continuous training
  3. Platform/network: networks, matchmaking platforms, software, and even brands can function as a platform (eBay)
Term

What are key partnerships?

 

Definition
Network of suppliers and partners that make the business model work
Term
What are the types of partnerships?
Definition
  1. Strategic alliances between non-competitors
  2. Competition: strategic partnerships between competitors
  3. Joint ventures to develop new businesses
  4. Buyer-supplier relationships to assure reliable supplies
Term
What is optimization and economy of scale?
Definition
  1. Motivation for creating partnership
  2. Optimize allocation of resources and activities; reduce costs, outsourcing, or sharing infrastructure

 

Term
What is reduction of risk and uncertaining?
Definition
  1. Motivation for creating partnership
  2. Reduce risk in competitive environment
  3. Electronics companies jointly develop new product they can all sell
Term
What is acquisition of particular resources and activities?
Definition
  1. Motivation for creating partnerships
  2. Firms extend their capabilities by relying on other firms to furnish particular resources or perform certain activities
  3. Acquire knowledge, licenses, or access to customers
Term
What is cost structure?
Definition
  1. All costs incurred to operate a business model
  2. Cost-driven: focus on minimizing operating costs wherever possible; operate as "lean" as possible
  3. Value-driven: premium value proposition and a high degree of personalized service characterize vale-driven business models
Term
What is fixed costs?
Definition
costs that remain the same despite volume of goods or services produced (rent)
Term
What are variable costs?
Definition
Costs that vary proportionally with volume of goods/services produced (labor)
Term
What are economies of scale?
Definition

Costs advantages firm enjoys as its output expands;

ex: new machine can produce higher volume of products

Term
What are economies of scope?
Definition
Cost advantages firm enjoys due to a larger scope of operations; the same marketing or disctibution activities may support multiple products
Term
According to the text, how do you build a business model from a concept?
Definition
  1. Identify your venture's position in the value chain
  2. Calculate how to create value for your customer
  3. Identify your revenue streams
  4. Determine expenses and cost drivers
  5. Develop competitive strategy
  6. Test your model through feasibility analysis
Term
According to the Business Model Generation, how do you build a business model?
Definition
  1. Mobilize: assemble all elements, create awareness, describe motivation for project
  2. Understand: research and analyze all elements
  3. Design: test model options and select best
  4. Implement a prototype
  5. Manage: adapt and modify as needed
Term
Who said "I feel that luck is preparation meeting opportunity"? What does it mean?
Definition
Oprah Winfrey; luck doesn't happen, you have to be in the right place
Term
Who is Jeff Stafford?
Definition
  1. UCF Grad 2004
  2. CEO and Co-founder of FishingAmmo
  3. Appeared on shark tank
  4. Biggest obstacle: sales history, anticipate what's needed from suppliers
Term
What are you supposed to include in a technology or product proof of concept?
Definition
Does it do what it's supposed to do? Can it be produced in sufficient quantities at right price to meet market needs?
Term
What are you supposed to include in a business model proof of concept?
Definition
Is there a way to deliver value to the customer and make money?
Term
Describe microstrategy to proof of concept.
Definition
  1. Set near term goals; examine outcomes
  2. Determine assets - human, social, physical, and financial assets- needed to achieve these outcomes
  3. Determine actions- tasks- that must be undertaken to achieve the necessary outcomes
  4. Repeat as necessary until proof of concept is achieved
Term
How do you document a proof of concept?
Definition
  1. Put something together so it looks like something you envisioned
  2. Prototype: working model of product
  3. Website: working website
  4. Purchase orders or customer sales: demonstrate demand
Term
What are stakeholders?
Definition
People outside your business who are impacted by your business
Term
What are types of stakeholders and their motives?
Definition
  1. Investors: will value of your firm increase?
  2. Bankers and lenders: will they get their money back?
  3. Strategic partners: can they trust you?
Term
What is the goal in creating a compelling executive summary.
Definition
Identify most persuasive aspects of business, grab stakeholders' attention and interest. and create excitement
Term
What are the key factors in creating a compelling executive summary?
Definition
  1. Convey compelling story quickly and memorably
  2. Highlight critical elements that provide competitive advantage
  3. Highlight proofs of concept
  4. Present coherent path to profitability and success
  5. Demonstrate team can execute the plan
Term
Explain the components of a compelling executive summary.
Definition

Include the following in your exec summary:

  1. Most persuasive reason for existence
  2. The very big and important pain or problem
  3. How you solve this pain or problem
  4. Your competitive advantage
  5. How you will make money (revenue streams)
  6. Strengths of the founding team
  7. Why now is the right time to launch
  8. What you need from investors
Term
Who is Daymond John?
Definition
  1. One of the investors from Shark Tank
  2. Co-founder of FUBU
  3. Mass marketing street clothes
Term
Discuss formal business plans
Definition
  1. Different formats for different purposes: your own personal planning purposes; seek funding from lendors or investors
  2. Choose format that fits needs of reader (stakeholder) of your plan
  3. May write different versions of your plan for different stakeholders
  4. Align goals of company across all stakeholders
  5. 15 slide power point business plan preferable with min text and lots of pics
Term
How would you successfully pitch (give presentation) your business?
Definition
  1. Content: verbally present your executive summary in limited amount of time
  2. Presentation skills: stand and move around, make eye contact, use visual aids, live demo of prototype if possible
  3. Prepare to answer tough questions
Term
Who said "The aim of marketing is go know and understand the customer so well the product or service fits him and sells itself"?
Definition
Peter Drucker
Term
Who is Andrew Tosh?
Definition
  1. UCF Grad 1998
  2. President/founder of GameSim
  3. Biggest fear is being stagnant
Term
What is the product adoption/diffusion curve?
Definition
  1. Depicts how quickly customers adopt new products
  2. Developed at the Agricultural Extension Service at Iowa State College in 1957 to monitor patterns of hybrid seed corn adoption by farmers


Term
Who are the innovators in regards to product adoption?
Definition
Few visionaries who want to try the latest greatest thing; about 2.5% potential customers
Term
Who are the early adopters in regards to product adoption?
Definition
True first customers eager to adopt new products that will give them a competitive edge; expect new product to solve 80% of their problem; about 13.5% of potential customers
Term
Who are the early majority in regards to product adoption?
Definition
People wait until new product is proven and others are using it
Term
Who are the late majority in regards to product adoption?
Definition
People who buy only proven products after initial high prices have dropped
Term
Who are laggards in regards to product adoption?
Definition
People skeptical that product will solve their problem at any price
Term
In regards to reaching the majority of the customers in the market, what is a chasm?
Definition
Period when early adopters have been exhausted and product stops selling because rest of customers (majority) were not experiencing pain.
Term
In regards to reaching the majority of the customers in the market, what does it mean to cross the chasm?
Definition
You must identify niche markets where the product can solve a real problem for majority of customers
Term
What is the purpose of a typical marketing plan?
Definition

Identify customers and how to attract them; addresses:

  1. industry and market analysis- customer segments
  2. product/service (quality, features, name, packaging)- value proposition
  3. price - revenue streams
  4. promotion- customer relationship
  5. place (distribution)- channels
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