Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Differential diagnoses for cough and wheezing
age-related frequency, characteristics, and signs and symtpoms
17
Nursing
Graduate
10/31/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Upper Respiratory Infection
Definition
  • Age-Group:All ages
  • Pulmonary Characteristics:Cough, non productive, worsens at night due to post nasal drip, Sore Throat, Congestion
  • Signs and Syptoms: Acute onset, Pharyngitis, Rhinorrhea, Conjuntivitis, Fever
  • Rhinovirus most common, pariainfluenza, rsv, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, influenza, myocplasma pneumoniae, reovirus. Peaks early fall, late janurary, early april.
Term
 Pertussis
Definition
  • Age-Group: Infants
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Catarrhal stage progresses to paroxysmal stage with severe coughing episodes and inspiratory whoops that may persist for weeks, cyanosis
  • Signs and Symptoms: Catarrhal stage: mild URI symptoms with cough for about 2 weeks; low-grade fever. Vomiting with sucking or crying precipitates coughing episodes. Poor feeding, conjuntival hemorrhages, facial petechiae
  • Bordetella pertussis. Incubation 6-20 days, most contagious during catarrhal stage. Prophylaxis of household and daycare contacts.
Term
 Allergy
Definition
  • Age-Group: All ages
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: cough, worsens at night
  • Signs and Symptoms: Itching, conjunctivitis, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea
Term
 Asthma
Definition
  • Age-Group:All ages
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Dry nonproductive cough may be the only symptom, wheezing, tachypnea, cyanosis
  • Signs and Symptoms: Activity worsens symptoms
Term
 Sinusitis
Definition
  • Age-Group:School-ages
  • Pulmonary Characteristics:Acute sinusitis: cough during day, may be worse at night. Chronic sinusitis: cough during day and night associated with intractable wheezing
  • Signs and Symptoms: Acute: Fever, clear or mucopurulent rhinorrhea or post nasal drip, facial pain, headache, sore throat, halitosis. Chronic: malaise, fatigue, anorexia, low grade fever, sore thraot, swelling of middle turbinates, variable nasal discharge
  • Acute: Streptococcus pneumonia, Hemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis. Chronic: GABHS, Staphyloccus aureus
Term
 Influenza
Definition
  • Age-Group: All ages
  • Pulmonary Characteristics:Dry cough with clear lungs or nonproductive, dry cough
  • Signs and Symptoms: Sudden onset fever; lasts about 5 days. chills, malaise, headache, myagia, headache, myalgia, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis
  • Epidemic caused by types A and B, mid-october to mid-feburary
Term
 Bronchiolitis
Definition
  • Age-Group: Infants up to age 2
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: nonproductive coughwheezing, tachypnea, retractions, nasal flaring, prolonged expiratory phase, variable cyanosis, apnea, crackles
  • Signs and Symptoms: rhinitis, otitis, conjunctivitis and/orpharyngitis
  • Primarily caused by RSV. Other causes parinfluenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza
Term
 Croup
Definition
  • Age-Group: Infants & Toddlers
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Mild: barking cough, hoarsness, no dyspnea, hypoxia. Severe: Inspiratory stridor, dyspnea, Hypoemia
  • Signs and Symptoms: Abrupt onset, symptoms worse at night and with anxiety, rhinorrhea, hoarse voice, poor appetite, low grade fever, dehydration.
  • Parainfluenza type I most common cause. Less common Parainfluenza type 2 & 3, RSV, Adenovirus, Influenza A and B, Measels. Rare: M.pneumoniae, S. aureus, H.influenzae. X-ray shows "steeple sign". 
Term
Pneumnoia
Definition
  • Age-Group: all ages
  • Pulmonary Characteristics:Cough, productive, hemoptysis, persistent if chlaymydia, wheezing, tachypnea, retractions, grunting, nasal flaring, crackles, diffiuse or localized decrease in breath sounds
  • Signs and Symptoms: abdominal pain for LL, may have concurrent URI, purulent sputum if bacterial, fever, pleurtic pain
  • Newborns: Group B streptococci, Gram-negative enteric bacilli, Chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma, syphilis. Infants and young children <6: S.pneumoniae, H.influenzae. Preschool-young adult: mycoplasma, chlamydia. Older children: s.pneumoniae, s.aureus, anaerobes.
Term
Bronchitis
Definition
  • Age-Group:All ages, common <5 years
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Brassy, nonproductive cough that worsens and becomes productive. Wheezing, coarse, bronchial breath sounds in periphery of lungs, dyspnea.
  • Signs and Symptoms:  Initial phase may include URI symptoms, Rhinorrhea or nasal congestion, fever, malaise, sore throat, chest pain, myalgias or arthralgias
  • Adenovirus, Influenza A,B, Parainfluenza 3, RSV, rhinovirus. Bacterial: M.pneumoniae, pertussis, C.pneumoniae, Corynebacterium diptheraie. winter and early spring. 
Term
Foreign body aspiration
Definition
  • Age-Group:Todders, adolescents
  • Pulmonary Characteristics:If bronchial: nonproductive cough unilateral wheezing, decrased breath sounds. If tracheal partial or total obstruction of breathing
  • Signs and Symptoms:
Term
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Definition
  • Age-Group: Infants <1 year of age
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Chronic cough
  • Signs and Symptoms: Regurgitation, abdominal pain, heartburn, dysphagia, hoarseness, pharyngitis, halitosis, dental erosion, otitis media
Term
Measles
Definition
  • Age-Group: School age, young adolescents
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Hacking cough
  • Signs and Symptoms: irritability, coryza, high fever, conjunctivits, photophobia, Koplik's spots in mouth, Toxic appearance, Generalized morbilliform rash
  • Caused by Morbillivirus, contaious 3-5 days before rash and 4 days after rash appears. 
Term
Psychogenic Cough
Definition
  • Age-Group:Adolescents
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Chronic dry, hacking cough. Dissapears when sleeping
  • Signs and Symptoms: Increases w/stress
Term
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Definition
  • Age-Group: Infants
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Episodes of coughing, rattling respiration, choking, cyanosis
  • Signs and Symptoms: symptoms worsen when feeding
Term
Tuberculosis
Definition
  • Age-Group:All ages
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Productive cough
  • Signs and Symptoms: Daily fevers, night sweats, weight loss
Term
Cystic Fibrosis
Definition
  • Age-Group:All ages
  • Pulmonary Characteristics: Frequent resp infections < 1 year: Coughing wheezing. Childhood, adulthood: chronic productive cough, wheeze, dyspnea on exertion
  • Signs and Symptoms: All: salty sweat. Neonatal: meconium ileus, viscid meconium. Infancy:Steatorrhea, foul smelling stool, failure to thrive. childhood, adulthood: steatorrhea, foul smelling stool, weight loss inspite of high calorie intake, excessive flatus, abdominal pain/distention, delayed puberty, infertility.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!