Term
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Definition
Cold/Allergy
Pregnancy data: first trimester, short-term use
SE: allergies to ragweed
Cold tx: decrease symptoms/duration
Cold prevention: no benefit |
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Term
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Definition
Cold/Allergy
AE: constipation, delirium, hallucinations
Cold tx/prevention: not studied
Masking illicit drug screens: not effective |
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Term
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Definition
Cold/Allergy
Safety: unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloid (UPA) - can cause liver damage, cross-allerginicity
Allergic rhinitis: comparable to zyrtec |
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Term
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Definition
GI products
Safety: do not exceed 4g/day
Pregnancy: similar safety to control group
AE: heartburn, diarrhea
Motion sickness: varied results
Morning sickness: better than placebo
Post op N/V: similar to Reglan for reduction of sx |
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Term
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Definition
GI product
AE: heartburn, HA (enteric coated decreases heartburn)
DI: GI meds
Dyspepsia: decreases GI spasm, fullness
IBS: decreases ab pain, distension, flatulence, BM |
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Term
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Definition
GI product
Safety: max safe intake 100mg glycyrrhizin
Pregnancy: abortifacient effect
AE: HTN, electrolyte imbalance
Peptic ulcers: may accelerate healing |
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Term
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Definition
Obesity
AE: CV events, HTN
DI: caffeine
CI: CV disease
Wt loss: decreased by 2.7 (5-6lbs)/wk with diet and exercise...decreased 0.9kg/mo x6mo |
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Term
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Definition
Obesity
Safety: withdrawel issues
AE: insomnia, restlessness, nervousness, agitation
DI: caffeine
No trials on single ingredient for weight loss |
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Term
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Definition
Obesity
Safety: none reported
Usually seen in combination products
Does not decrease weight or satiety in obese population |
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Term
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Definition
Obesity
AE: HTN, photosensitivity
May aid in weight reduction with diet and exercise |
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Term
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Definition
Obesity
Safety: long-term use mutagenic?
Dz states: may worsen renal fx
Does not impact wt loss or body fat |
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Term
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Definition
Obesity
Safety: cross-sensitivity with shellfish
May provide benefit when used with hypocaloric diet. |
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Term
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Definition
Depression/Anxiety
*Don't recommend*
Safety: safe up to 8 weeks
AE: photosensitivity, insomnia, vivid dreams, agitation, seratonin syndrome
DI: can get pregnant, even while on BC
Mild/Moderate Depression: as effective as low doses of TCA, possibly comparable to SSRI
Severe depression: not effective
Anxiety: controversial data
SAD (seasonal affective disorder): may improve symptoms of anxiety
PMS: beneficial in 50% of pts studied |
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Term
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Definition
Anxiety
Safety: hepatotoxicity
AE: GI, extrapyramidal side effects, cognition impaired
DI: CNS depressan, CYP interaction (can get pregnant on BC)
Anxiety: superior to placebo, comparable to lower-dose Benzodiazepam |
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Term
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Definition
Anxiety/Sleep
AE: HA, excitability, vivid dreams, withdrawel?
Anxiety: improves self-reported anxiety
Insomnia: reduces time-to-sleep onset, improves quality |
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Term
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Definition
Men
AE: comparable to placebo. Impotence?
DI: increase bleeding time??
BPH (benign prostate hyperplasia): improvement in urinary symptoms. No impact on PSA levels or prostate size. |
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Term
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Definition
Depression/OA/Fibromyalgia
AE: GI, flatulence, dry mouth, anxiety
CI: bipolar (may cause hypomania in treated pts)
Depression: similar to TCAs (Transcyclic Antidepressents)
OA: similar to NSAIDS
Fibromyalgia: symptom improvement |
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Term
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Definition
*Sleep*
AE: HA, drowsiness, dysphoria in depressive pts
CI: depression, HTN, seizure disorder
Circadian rhythm disorder in blind pts: FDA-approved! sleep/wake cycle disturbances in CNS disorders - helpful in children/adults
Insomnia (elderly): may improve
Insomnia (depression): may improve sleep quality
Jet lag: modest improvement in symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Men
AE: GI
DI: none known
BPH: increase peak urine flow, decrease nocturia. |
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Term
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Definition
Men
May slow growth of prostate
AE: GI
BPH: Improves urinary symptoms, no impact on prostate size.
*FDA labeled health claim for cholesterol "Take Control" |
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Term
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Definition
Men
AE: excitatin, tremor, insomnia, HTN
DI: anti-HTN, caffeine
ED: YohimBINE studied and has beneficial effect
SSRI-induced sexual dysfx: may improve |
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Term
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Definition
Women
Estrogen-like effect
Safety: safe up to 6 mo, uterine contraciton stimulation, GI upset, breast cancer
Efficacy: 4wks to see effect, similar results to etrogen replacement...hot flashes only- works like premarin |
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Term
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Definition
Women
Inhibits estrogen binding?
Safety: carcinogenic, photosensitivity, coumarin constituent
Menopause: no effect on sx. No one should use!! |
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Term
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Definition
Women
AE: GI, increases pregnancy complication
DI: anti-coag, phenothiazine (schizophrenic, decreases seizure threshold)
Cyclic mastalgia: decreases 45% breast pain associate w/ PMS
Menopause: no real effect
PMS: minimal effect |
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Term
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Definition
Women
AE: constipation, bloating
Hyperlipidemia: decreases LDL/TC/TG, HDL?? (6.25g soy/serving)
Osteoporosis: may increase BMD (bone mineral density)
Menopausal sx: decreases hot flashes
Breast Cancer prevention: population studyies. Early exposure most influential.
HTN: systolic decreased 8mmHg. Diastolic decreased 2mmHg. |
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Term
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Definition
Women
Safety: uterine stimulant (contraction)
AE: GI? HA? Breathrough bleeding?
May decrease mastalgia, irritability, mood swings. |
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Term
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Definition
Women
Interferes with bacterial adherence
AE: GI upset
Prevention: 20% reduction in recurrent UTI
Treatment: no benefit |
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Term
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Definition
Migraines
AE: GI, mouth ulceration, "post-feverfew syndrome" (rebound)
DI: anti-platelet
Prevention - not treatment
Migraine: decreases incidence of HA, decrease use of symptomatic meds, second line agent for prevention by US HA Consortium. |
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Term
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Definition
Pain/Analgesia
salicylate
DI: anticoag, ASA
Back pain: may offer relief (ASA cheaper, more available) |
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Term
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Definition
Osteoarthritis
Required in ligaments/cartilage
Safety: won't impact diabetes
AE: comparable to placebo, GI, shellfish allergy
OA: decrease pain, increase function like NSAIDS. Takes about 4-8wks to take effect
TMJ (mandibular jaw disorder): works similar to ibuprofen |
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Term
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Definition
OA
Safety: mad cow disease?
AE: GI
OA: slow disease progression? decrease NSAID dose, use with glucosamine |
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Term
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Definition
ATP production, antioxidant
Safety: warfarin, diabetes meds
Myopathy (muscle): decrease symptoms
CHF: decrease sx (SOB) or QOL |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibit cholesterol synthesis, inhibit LDL oxidation, relax smooth muscle
AE: odor, GI irritation
Atherosclerosis: lessen age-related decrease in elasticity
Hyperlipidemia: improve TC, LDL, TG (not HDL)
HTN: decrease 2-7% at 4wks |
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Term
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Definition
antioxidant, inc circulation
AE: GI, spontaneous bleeding, dec seizure threshold
Cognition: may improve age-related impairment
Dementia: may inc speed of processing
Anti-depressant-induced sexual dysfx: no benefit |
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Term
| Panax Ginseng (Asian/Chinese/Korean Ginseng) |
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Definition
Safety: insomnia
DI: caffeine, anticoags
Cognition: improve rxn times (visual stimuli). NO thinking or memory help.
ED (erectile dysfx): improve ability to retain erection
Athletic performance: no impact on aerobic |
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Term
| Siberian Ginseng (Eluthero) |
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Definition
AE: drowsiness, irritability
Athletic performance: no effect
Cognition: may provide short-term memory increase |
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Term
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Definition
AE: fishy aftertaste, flatulence, bruising/bleeding
Cholesterol: decrease TG, increase HDL
CAD: may reduce risk of death in CAD pts
Depression: EPA may benefit, DHA does not |
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Term
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Definition
AE: GI, cramping, wt gain (muscle mass), dehydration
CI: impact renal fx
Exercise: benefit is brief, high-intensity exercise or aerobic/anaerobic combo events
Conditioning: no change in strength/body composition |
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