Term
| most frequent approach in assessing CAD risk is measuring __ and proportions of blood __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plasma lipid profile measures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
very low-density lipoprotein
10 to 15% of total serum cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
very low-density lipoprotein
10 to 15% of total serum cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low-density lipoprotein
60 to 70% of serum cholesterol
below 100mg/dl optimal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high-density lipoprotein
20 to 30% serum cholesterol
50mg/dl optimal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common type of fat found in body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foods, liver makes from carbs, alcohol and some cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| serum triglyceride levels range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors that may cause triglyceride levels to be elevated |
|
Definition
| overweight, physical inactivity, cigarette smoke, excess alcohol, high carb intake, other diseases, certain drugs, genetic factors |
|
|
Term
| NCEP ATP II emphasizes __ as primary target for cholesterol-lowering therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated ___ levels factor to ID people at risk for CAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
three lipid abnormalities
-elevated triglycerides, small LDL particles, and low HDL cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of people with atherogenic dyslipemia |
|
Definition
| obesity, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and physical inactivity |
|
|
Term
| fixed risk factors for CAD |
|
Definition
| increasing age, male gender, family history of premature CHD |
|
|
Term
| modifiable risk factors for CAD |
|
Definition
| hypertension, cigarette smoke, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, atherogenic diet (high fat) |
|
|
Term
| nutritional therapy for CAD |
|
Definition
| reduce saturated fats and cholesterol, lowering LDL, weight reduction, increased physical activity |
|
|
Term
saturated fat below __% of total energy intake
cholesterol below __mg/day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for every __% kcal of saturated fats increases LDL increases __% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eat this instead of saturated fats up to 20% of total energy intake
avocado, canola oil, almonds, peacans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduces LDL levels
veggie oil, corn, sunflower and safflower oil, walnuts, mayo, salad dressing |
|
|
Term
| saturated fats and trans fatty acids __ LDL cholesterol levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| replacing saturated fats with __ decreases LDL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| very high intakes of carbs associated with: |
|
Definition
| reduction of HDL cholesterol, increase in serum triglyceride |
|
|
Term
| increasing soluble fiber to __ to __ per day accompanied by roughly __% reduction in LDL cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| substituting __ based proteins for __ proteins decreases LDL cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a cardiovascular disease and a risk factor for CAD
average systolic - above 140 and diastolic - above 90
one in every three adults has hypertension |
|
|
Term
| conditions that are possible cause of secondary hypertension |
|
Definition
| renal insufficiency, renovascular disease, ch=ushing's syndrome, primary aldosteronism |
|
|
Term
| first line of treatment for hypertension |
|
Definition
| nonpharmacologic - instead try lifestyle changes of losing weight, etc. |
|
|
Term
| other lifestyle modifications for people with hypertension include: |
|
Definition
| decrease alcohol consumption, increase physical activity, terminate cigarette smoking, decreasing sodium intake, increasing dietary intake of k+, Mg, Ca |
|
|
Term
average daily sodium intake in us estimated __ to __g
dietary sodium comes form mostly |
|
Definition
4
6
processed foods, table salt |
|
|
Term
| diet rich in __ is used to stop hypertension (DASH) |
|
Definition
fruits, veggies, and low-fat dairy
with reduced saturated and total fats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myocardial infarction
occlusion of a coronary artery
sometimes called a heart attack |
|
|
Term
| single largest killer of adult men and women in us |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smaller, frequent meals
restrict caffeine
control sodium, cholesterol, fat, kcal
eat omega-3-reduces blood clots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac failure, depends on ventricle involved |
|
|
Term
| left ventricular failure results in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| right ventricle failure results in |
|
Definition
systemic congestion
-causing poor perfusion of all organ systems |
|
|
Term
| mild CHF nutriton therapy |
|
Definition
| sodium restriction of 3000mg/day |
|
|
Term
| severe CHF nutrition therapy |
|
Definition
2000mg/day sodium restriction
-fluid restriciton of 1 to 2 L |
|
|
Term
| barriers to meeting increased nutrient and energy requirements for those with CHF |
|
Definition
| early satiety, GI congestion, shortness of breath, anorexia and nausea |
|
|
Term
| energy requirements for those with CHF |
|
Definition
| may be 20% to 30% above basal needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general ill health and malnutrition, marked by weakness and emaciation |
|
|
Term
| a desirable serum total cholesterol level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
collective phrase for chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema |
|
|
Term
| second leading cause of disability in us |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| goal of nutrition therapy for COPD |
|
Definition
| maintain respiratory muscle strength and funciton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respiratory distress syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute respiratory failure |
|
|
Term
| COPD contributing factors |
|
Definition
| altered taste, fatigue, anxiety, depression, increased energy requirements, frequent infections, side effects of multiple medications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anorexia, early satiety, nausea, vomiting |
|
|
Term
nutrition therapy for COPD:
__kcal/kg
__-__g protein/kg for maintenance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ration of carbon dioxide produced to amount of oxygen consumed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carb metabolism - produces highest amount of CO2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat metabolism - produces least amount of CO2 |
|
|
Term
| RQ greater than __ evidence of accumulating CO@ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| overfeeding produces excess |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| almost half of all patients with ARF suffer from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most patients in ___ require mechanical ventilation |
|
Definition
|
|
