Term
| Which thalamic nuclear group receives input from the mamillary bodies and projects to the cingulate cortex of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which midline nucleus of the thalamus connects with the cerebellum and corpus striatum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which thalamic nuclei connect with the hypothalamus and central periaquaductal gray matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the medial nuclei located? (Note: these are not the same as the nuclei of the midline) |
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Definition
| In the gray substance medial to the internal medullary lamina |
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Term
| Where do the medial nuclei project? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the nuclei that make up the lateral nuclear mass of the thalamus? |
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Definition
Reticular nucleus
Ventral anterior nucleus
Dorsolateral nucleus
Ventral lateral nucleus
Ventral posterior group (ventral posteromedial and ventral posterolateral nuclei) |
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Term
| Which thalamic nucleus projects to the corpus striatum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the reticular nucleus reside? |
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Definition
| It's part of the lateral nuclear mass and sits between the external medullary lamina and the internal capsule. |
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Term
| Where does the ventral lateral nucleus project? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nucleus projects to the parietal cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nuclei project information via the internal capsule to the sensory cortex of the cerebral hemisphere? |
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Definition
| Ventral posterolateral and posteromedial nuclei |
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Term
| What input do the ventral posterolateral nucleus and ventral posteromedial nucleus receive? |
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Definition
| The ventral posterolateral nucleus receives sensory input from the body, while the ventral posteromedial nucleus receives sensory input from the face. |
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Term
| What are the three nuclei that make up the posterior nuclei of the thalamus? |
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Definition
Pulvinar nucleus
Medial geniculate nucleus
Lateral geniculate nucleus |
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Term
| Which thalamic nucleus connects with the parietal and temporal cortices? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the lateral geniculate nucleus? |
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Definition
| It is a major station along the visual pathway and receives most of the fibers of the optic tract. These fibers are then projected via the geniculocalcarine radiation to the visual cortex around the calcarine fissure. |
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Term
| Which thalamic nucleus receives acoustic fibers from the lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus? |
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Definition
| Medial geniculate nucleus: it projects fibers via the acoustic radiation to the temporal cortex. |
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Term
| What are the five functional nuclear groups of the thalamus? |
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Definition
Sensory
Motor
Limbic
Multimodal
Intralaminar |
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Term
| Which thalamic nuclei are functionally classified as sensory? |
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Definition
| Ventral posterior group (both nuclei) and geniculate bodies |
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Term
| What are the thalamic sensory nuclei involved in? |
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Definition
| Relaying and modifying sensory signals from the body, face, retina, cochlea, and taste receptors |
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Term
| Which thalamic nuclei are functionally classified as motor? |
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Definition
| Ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei |
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Term
| What is the function of the thalamic motor nuclei? |
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Definition
| They convey motor information from the cerebellum and globus pallidus to the precentral motor cortex (aka motor relay nuclei) |
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Term
| The dorsomedial nucleus belongs to the thalamic functional group _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the input and output pathway of the dorsomedial nucleus of the limbic functional group? |
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Definition
| Receives input from the olfactory cortex and amygdala regions and projects reciprocally to the prefrontal cortex and the hypothalamus. |
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Term
| Which thalamic nuclei are functionally classified as multimodal? |
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Definition
| Pulvinar, posterolateral, and dorsolateral |
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Term
| What are the three parts of the medial hypothalamic nuclei? |
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Definition
Supraoptic portion (anteriormost)
Tuberal portion (immediately behind supraoptic portion)
Mamillary portion (posterior most) |
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Term
| The paraventricular nuclei belong to which medial hypothalamic nuclei group? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hypothalamic nuclei belong to the supraoptic group? |
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Definition
| Supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, and paraventricular |
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Term
| What are the hypothalamic nuclei that belong to the tuberal portion of the medial hypothalamic nuclei? |
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Definition
| Ventromedial, dorsomedial, and arcuate nuclei (along with medial eminence) |
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Term
| The posterior nuclei belong to which medial hypothalamic nuclei group? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the preoptic area of the hypothalamus lie? |
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Definition
| Anterior to hypothalamus, between optic chiasm and anterior commissure |
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Term
| The superior part of the walls of the third ventricle is made up of what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| The inferior walls and floor of the third ventricle are made by what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| The diencephalon surrounds which ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major purpose of the thalamus? |
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Definition
| Relay station for sensory information en route to cortex and crude perception of some sensations |
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Term
| Which structure is the major regulator of homeostasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main functions of the pineal gland? |
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Definition
Secreting melatonin in darkness
Promoting sleepiness and setting biological clock |
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Term
| Which thalamic nuclei are considered "relay" nuclei? |
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Definition
| Medial geniculate nucleus, lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral posterolateral nucleus, ventral posteromedial nucleus, ventral lateral nucleus, ventral anterior nucleus anterior thalamic nuclei |
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Term
| Which thalamic nuclei are considered "association" nuclei? |
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Definition
| Dorsomedial nucleus, pulvinar nucleus, posterolateral nucleus, and dorsolateral nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| receive from 1 modality and project to localized cortical areas |
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Term
| What are "association nuclei"? |
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Definition
| Nuclei that are neither sensory nor motor. |
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Term
| True/False. Stimulation of "specific" thalamic nuclei evokes highly localized response in contralateral cortex. |
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Definition
| False. They evoke response in the ipsilateral cortex. Decussation has already occured at this point. |
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