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Definition
| Contextual figures in a collective choice setting that defines constraints or oppertunities for individual behaviors |
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| Institutionalism: believes politics take place in context but believe in Rational choice (fixed preferences, utility maximizing, atomistic account) |
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Term
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Definition
1) How are institutions created
2) Are institutional figures objects of collective choice
3) Ex ante objectives for indivduals involved
4)Unforeseen contingencies |
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Term
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Definition
| A political regime with both a high level of contestion and is open to participation (inclusiveness) |
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Term
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Definition
Defines conceptualization or what Democracy is
-Government= Cheif exectutive and the seats in the legislative body
-Contestion= Divergent political forces compete for governmental offices |
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Term
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Definition
1) Who is the cheif Exec? How is he/she selected?
2) Is there a legislature? How are they elected?
3) Is there more then one party competeing in elections?
4) Has there been an alternation in power under these rules?
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Term
| Substantive view of Democracy |
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Definition
| Classifies political regimes on the outcomes they produce |
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| Minimalist view of democracy |
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Definition
| Classifies regimes based on procedures and terms of the institution |
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Definition
| Either Democracy or Dictatorship with no middle ground such as PACL |
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Definition
| Can be intermediate levels of deocraticness or a "6 out of 10" such as Freedom House |
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| Freedom house, substantive or procedural |
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Definition
| Both, because it tests Political rights of the state as well as Civil rights of the people |
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Term
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Definition
| How much measure corresponds to the concepts they are intended to reflect upon |
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Term
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Definition
| Consistancy of measurements |
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Term
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Definition
Parliamentary: Govt. is responsible to legislative assembly but has no fixed term in office
Presidential: Govt. is not responsible to legislative assembly
Mixed (semi-presidential): Govt. is responsible to the legislative assembly but has a fixed term in office |
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Term
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Definition
Monarchy: The head of Govt. bears the name "king" and has a hereditorial predessesor
Military: Head of Govt. is current or past member of the armed forces
Civilian: Head of Govt. is not a king nor a military member
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Term
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Definition
| the prime minister, president, "great Leader", parliment or whatever leading figure(s) in the country |
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Term
| elite institutions in dictatorships |
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Definition
| The network that has direct connection to becoming dictator (military junta, family network) |
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Term
| 2 problems with dictatorial rule |
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Definition
1) problem between those who rule and those who are ruled
2) Power sharing among those in power |
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Term
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Definition
| Leader who was captured and put on house arrest until his death in 2005 due to his role in the Tiennenman Square incident |
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Term
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Definition
| the allies are capable of using the threat of a coup to deter the dictator’s opportunism |
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Term
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Definition
can no longer be credibly threatened by a coup
and thereby deterred from attempting to acquire more power |
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Term
| Secrecy in Authoritarian systems |
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Definition
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Term
| Two instruments of control |
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Definition
Repression: violence or punishments
CO-option: rewards |
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Term
| Nature of dictatorial elections |
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Definition
| A sham and just a reason they can claim they have democratic credentials |
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Term
| How dictators use elections as a tool |
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Definition
-Identifies popular/competant elites
-Identifies base of support and opponent strongholds
- Divides oppositions forces |
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Term
| Voter behavior in dictatorships |
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Definition
| Voters tend to vote for the party either because they get benefits or punished based on their loyalty |
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Term
| candidate behavior in dictatorship |
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Definition
Incumbant: Distribute resources, manipulate rules, electoral fraud
Opposition: Decide whether to participate or boycott, form a coalition, or accept defeat (also known as coordination dilemma) |
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Definition
Single party: Proscribe opposition parties in elections (China)
Dominant Party: Permit opposition to run but there is no shift of power in elections |
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Term
| Party as an institutional tool in dictatorships |
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Definition
Bargaining Function: use party to bargain with elites and minimize instability
Mobilizinf Function: Use party machine to mobilize mass support |
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Term
| Regular and orderly succession in dictatorships |
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Definition
-In civilian dictatorships there is hereditary recession
-Transfer from father to the son |
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Term
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Definition
| The predessesor has a motivation to assasinate the leader |
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Term
| Term limits in dictatorships |
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Definition
| Some have them such as in China and some do not as in North Korea |
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Term
| China's Leadership Transition |
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Definition
| Coordinated hand down of power in the CPC throughout all 3 branches of Government (Military, Party, and State) |
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Term
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Definition
| Do people really worship the Govt or just worship them out of fear? |
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Term
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Definition
| How many people it would take someone else to protest (0,1,2,2,4,5,6,8... the last person wouldn't protest because only 7 people before him did and his tipping point is 8) |
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Term
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Definition
-Dissatisfaction among the masses makes it difficult for ruling coalitions
-Some citizens prove loyalty and spy on neighbors which makes everyone fake loyalty |
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Term
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Definition
-Mobilize huge crowds to participate in all ceremonies
- Paint pictures on the wall of the Party
- Require compulsory voting |
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Term
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Definition
- not trivial because they show unpopularity
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Term
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Definition
two conditions for informed protest
1) High dissatisfaction
2) closed environment |
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Term
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Definition
| -Protection against risk unintentionally causes risk it was intended to prevent |
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Term
| coersive apparatus (4 conditions) |
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Definition
1) Maintence of fiscal health
2) Maintence of international support
3) Institutionalization of coersive apparatus
4) Level of popular mobilization |
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