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Diathermy/UV
Lab and Lecture
77
Medical
Graduate
07/03/2015

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Term
Device that produces high frequency electromagnetic currents that induces heat in the deeper layers of tissues via absorption of the electromagnetic energy by these tissues
Definition
diathermy
Term
Diathermy has ______ wavelengths but ______ frequencies than infrared thermal agents
Definition
longer, lower
Term
what is the most common form of therapeutic diathermy
Definition
short wave diathermy
Term
Short wave diathermy emits electromagnetic energy at ____ frequencies and ______ wavelengths than traditional longwave diathermy
Definition
higher, shorter
Term
average depth of penetration of short wave diathermy
Definition
3 cm
Term
purpose of pulsed short wave diathermy
Definition
non-thermal physiologic efffects in soft tissue
Term
non-thermal physiologic effects in soft tissue examples
Definition
increasing ATP production and protein synthesis which hastens healing
Term
emits electromagnetic energy at a much higher frequency and very short wavelengths (called micro-electromagnetic waves)
Definition
mcirowave diathermy
Term
Non-ionizing radiation waves are emitted with what type of diathermy use?
Definition
short wave diathermy
Term
tuning that occurs when the patient circuit oscillats at the same frequency that the device circuit does
Definition
electromagnetic resonance
Term
Net effect of SWED (PSWD AND CSWD) is to ...(2)
Definition
increase cell metabolism and function, enhance soft tissue healing
Term
Thermal effects of diathermy only occur when tissue temperatures increase by what?
Definition
>1 Celsius
Term
thermal effects of diathermy occur primarily through the delivery of what type of diathermy
Definition
CSWD
Term
the thermal effects of diathermy increases soft tissue healing how?
Definition
increase of atomic and molecular motion > increases tissue's kinetic energy and tissue temperature > increased cell metabolism and function
Term
temperature change of the tissues in order to be considered ATHERMAL
Definition
< 1 celsius
Term
Athermal effects of diathermy are best used in what type of inflammatory conditions?
Definition
acute or subacute
Term
PSWD alters what to encourage soft tissue healing
Definition
alters cell ion biding properties > enhances cell ATP production and protein synthesis > soft tissue healing
Term
distance past the skin's surface traveled by the electromagnetic waves into the soft tissues when the electromagnetic energy is reduced by 50%
Definition
half value depth
Term
distance within the tissue where 63% of the original radiating energy has been absorbed (when the energy is reduced to 37% of its original value)
Definition
penetrating depth
Term
application of SWD: methods: 2 electrodes are positioned on either side of the treated body segment
Definition
capacitive method
Term
in the capacitive method for application of SWD the tissue with the greatest resistance to electrical current flow will heat up the most. What tissue is this?
Definition
skin and subcutaneous fat
Term
The capacitive method is often the choice of modes used in treating what types of injuries?
Definition
superficial soft tissue injuries
Term
SWD application: methods: the use of a single electrode either wrapped around or positioned directly over the treated body segment
Definition
inductive method
Term
the magnetic current from the inductive method of SWD will flow greatest in the tissue with the least resistance. What is this tissue?
Definition
muscles and synovial fluid
Term
the inductive method of SWD is most often the choice of modes used in treating which tissues
Definition
deeper soft tissues
Term
SWD: in this type of dosimetry the patient should percieve a mild comfortable, warmth
Definition
qualitative
Term
SWD: in this type of dosimetry the amount of total energy delivered is determined beforehand
Definition
quantitative dosimetry
Term
quantitative dosimetery involves 3 parts, what are they?
Definition
power output, pulse duration, pulse frequency
Term
SWD indications: primary use
Definition
treatment of OA and sprained ankles
Term
SWD: indications: other non primary uses (4)
Definition
joint contractures, musculoskeletal pain, muscle spasm, subacute/chronic traumatic and inflammatory conditions
Term
CSWD: contraindications (5)
Definition
CA, midsection of a pregnant woman, IUDs, hemorrhagic areas, metal in the area
Term
PSWD: contraindications (2)
Definition
midsection of a pregnant woman, metal in the area
Term
SWD: contraindications (8)
Definition
CA, midsection of a pregnant woman, over metal implants such as pacemakers, neurostimulators, ORIF hardware, IUDs, over hemorraghic areas, metal in the area
Term
SWD safe distance for metal
Definition
4.5 m
Term
therapeutic application for radiant energy for a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
Definition
UVR
Term
Why should UVR technically not be classified as a deep heating thermal agent?
Definition
there is no increase in tissue temperature
Term
Why is ultra violet light a misnomer?
Definition
wavelgneths of UVR are below wavelengths of visible light
Term
Which quartz type lamp is luminous?
Definition
hot quartz
Term
Which quartz lamp type is non-luminous?
Definition
cold quartz
Term
A hot quart mercury vapor (luminous) lamp is used for what type of applications?
Definition
general
Term
A hot quart mercury vapor (luminous) lamp contains what type of radiation?
Definition
UVA and UVB
Term
Which UVR type requires 5-10 minute warm up time
Definition
hot quartz mercury
Term
Which UVR is a hand held lamp?
Definition
cold quartz mercury
Term
A cold quart mercury vapor (non-luminous) lamp is used for what type of applications? (3)
Definition
local applications, bactericideal effects, pigmentation without erythema
Term
the angle of incidence of radiation determines the amount of radiation absorption.
Definition
cosine law
Term
the cosine law states what simply?
Definition
therapeutic agent should be positioned perpendicular to the area to be treated
Term
the intensity of radiation varies with the square of the distance
Definition
inverse square law
Term
UVR wavelengths: erythema with pigmentation
Definition
@290-300 nm
Term
UVR wavelengths: erythema without pigmentation
Definition
@240-260 nm
Term
UVR wavelengths: vitamin D formation
Definition
@270-300 nm
Term
UVR wavelengths: bactericidal effects
Definition
@250-290 nm
Term
hot quartz mercury vapor (luminous) lamp UV range
Definition
290-400 nm
Term
cold quartz mercury vapor (non-luminous) lamp UV range
Definition
180-290 nm
Term
4 physiologic effects of UVR
Definition
erythema, bactericidal effects, desquamation, pigmentation
Term
how does erythema induced by UVR promote wound healing?
Definition
erythema is caused by increased blood supply to the area
Term
how does UVR destroy bacteria?
Definition
altering the synthesis of DNA and RNA
Term
Clinically UVR is used to destroy bacteria where
Definition
ulcers and wounds
Term
sloughing off of the dead epidermal cells of the stratum corneum (the most superificial layer of the epidermis)
Definition
desquamation
Term
desquamation induced by UVR is useful in dermatological conditions such as
Definition
psoriasis, acne vulgaris
Term
Distance between the heat lamp and treatment area: general body/large treatment area
Definition
24-40"
Term
Distance between the heat lamp and treatment area: local body application
Definition
0-2"
Term
general body irradiation would be used for what example condition
Definition
psoriasis
Term
local body application UVR would be used for what conditions?
Definition
acne, wounds, and pressure sores
Term
Minimal erythemal dose test is what exactly?
Definition
establishment of a therapeutic dose with general lamp
Term
How should the MED test be described to patients?
Definition
shortest dose for redness to appear within 1-6 hours and disappear within 24 hours
Term
UV Ertyhemal Doses: suberythmal dose
Definition
produces no ertyhema, but vitamin D is produced
Term
UV Ertyhemal Doses: Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED)
Definition
faint redenning within 6-8 hours and subsiding within 24 hours. Some faint traces may be present at 24 hours.
Term
UV Ertyhemal Doses: First Degree (E1)
Definition
ertyhema lasting up to 48 hours. Slight exfoliation present (peeling). About 2.5x the MED
Term
UV Ertyhemal Doses: Second Degree (E2)
Definition
Intense erythema with edema, peeling, and pigmentation lasting as long as 72 hours. About 5x the MED
Term
UV Ertyhemal Doses: Third degree (E3)
Definition
severe blistering, peeling, and exudation. About 10x the MED
Term
UV Ertyhemal Doses: How many times the MED is first degree (E1)
Definition
2.5x
Term
UV Ertyhemal Doses: How many times the MED is Second Degree (E2)
Definition
5x
Term
UV Ertyhemal Doses: How many times the MED is Third Degree (E3)?
Definition
10x
Term
Indications for UVR: (6)
Definition
dermatological conditions, acne, subacute psorasic, chronic psoriasis, decubitus ulcers, infected wounds
Term
UVR contraindications: (10)
Definition
acute eczema, acute psoriasis, generalized dermatitis, herpes simplex, lupus erythematosus, xeroderma pigmentosum (hypersentivitiy to UV light), fever, active TB, severe cardiac involvement, acute diabetes
Term
UVR precautions (4)
Definition
medications which increase photosensitivity to UV light (tetracycline, sulfonamides), low skin pigmentation populations (blondes, redheads), albinism, patients with Hx of CA
Term
Typical treatment time of diathermy
Definition
20-30 minutes
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