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Diagnostics Test 1
Part 1
49
Speech-Language Pathology
Graduate
10/20/2015

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Cards

Term
Diagnosis
Definition
(Greek) To know apart from something else
-Apart from normal
-Apart from other communication disorders
-Apart from other types of that disorder
Term
Purpose of diagnosis
Definition
-Reality: is there really a communication disorder?
-Etiology: what's behind the communication disorder?
-Clinical focus: improve client's communication functioning
Term
Eligibility
Definition
Whether clients get services
Term
Evaluation
Definition
The process of diagnosing
Term
EBP (Evidence Based Practice)
Definition
Research, clinical expertise, client preferences and values
Term
RTI (Response To Intervention)
Definition
In schools, increasing levels of services/interventions
Term
Dynamic Assessment (aka trial therapy)
Definition
Exploring how client responds to different kinds of support--what kinds of scaffolding get them to the next level?
Term
Functional Measurement
Definition
WHO ICF (World Health Organization for International Classification of Functioning)--how a person is functioning in their environment
Term
Disability
Definition
"Abnormal interaction with selves, others, environment. Cultural component
Term
Role of SLP
Definition
Improve quality of life
Term
The Human Connection
Definition
1) Experience
2) Flexibility
3) Objectivity
4) Evaluative attitude
5) Persistent curiosity
6) Healthy skepticism
7) Interpersonal relationship attributes
Term
Flexibility
Definition
Follow the client's lead and be in tune with their needs
Term
Persistent curiosity
Definition
-Don't just try to fix; look at underlying causes
-Creativity (if I do this, what happens?)
-Keep updated on what's out there--research, ASHA
Term
Healthy skepticism
Definition
Be careful with new articles & ideas (what is the theory/ evidence behind this technique?)
Term
Interpersonal relationship attributes
Definition
-Sensitivity
-Rapport
-Focus on client
Term
Goals of Diagnostic Interviewing
Definition
1) Obtaining information
2) Giving information
3) Providing support
Term
Setting the tone
Definition
-Define roles
-Explain what's going to happen
-State goals
-Establish rapport
Term
General topics to cover in interview
Definition
1) Client's perception
2) When did the problem arise, & under what conditions?
3) Has it changed in any way since it started?
4) How does it show up in that person's real life?
5) How are they coping? (emotionally, communicatively)
6) How is this communication issue affecting others in their life?
7) What do client/family hope to get out of the session?
Term
Things to avoid in interview
Definition
1) Avoid talking too much
2) Don't stick to script at all costs-be flexible
3) Avoid too many yes/no questions
4) Avoid questions/responses that may indicate judgment or restrict what client will say
5) Avoid providing information too soon
6) Get to the point (avoid too many fillers/hedging)
7) Avoid staying at the superficial level
Term
How to get out of the superficial level in an interview
Definition
-Ask open ended questions
-Repeat back parts of what client said
-Ask the same idea in different ways throughout the session
Term
"Will it go away?"
Definition
"Our goal is to improve your communication. As I get to know you, I'll have a better idea of what to expect."
(Offer hope, but don't make predictions)
Term
"Is this normal?"
Definition
Stick to the word "typical"
Term
Communicating results
Definition
-At the end of the first session
-Always start with strengths
-"These are the things I noticed that were harder"
Term
6 basic principles for giving information
Definition
1) Don't expect them to remember everything/get it in one dose
2) Don't lecture or give advice
3) Simple language with analogies and examples
4) Give them something to take action towards
5) Be pleasant but frank and direct
6) Don't take things personally
Term
Providing support
Definition
-Have Kleenex ready
-Let them be, don't say something right away
-"Are you ready to move on?"/ give break, switch it up
-"It's okay if the child doesn't do exactly what we want"
-With brain injured adult, stay focused (ignore swearing etc.) but later, may focus on pragmatics
Term
Norm-referenced tests
Definition
-Have been normed on a standardization sample, preferably many
-Are always standardized (but not vice versa)
-Compare client's performance with the performance of others
-Is there a problem, and in what area?
-Not a complete profile of strengths and weaknesses
-Doesn't establish treatment goals
Term
Criterion-referenced tests
Definition
-Client's performance compared to a standard/criterion, not a sample
-Can they do it or not?
-Gives specific information on a client's skills, levels
-Good for establishing therapy goals
Term
Validity
Definition
Does a test measure what it says it will measure?
Term
Measures of validity
Definition
-Construct
-Content
-Criterion-related
-Concurrent
-Predictive
Term
Construct
Definition
Degree to which a test measures what it intends to measure
Term
Content
Definition
Do the items of the test truly represent the range of what we're looking at?
Term
Concurrent
Definition
How well a score on the test can estimate performance on another measure
Term
Predictive
Definition
Can the score on a test predict a score at another time?
Term
Interjudge/interrater reliability
Definition
How consistent the scores are across different raters
Term
Test-retest reliability
Definition
How consistent the scores of the same client are
Term
Client-Specific Asessment
Definition
Develop own assessment materials with specific client in mind
Term
Pros of Client-Specific Assessment
Definition
1) Avoids some pitfalls of standardized tests
2) Motivating for client
Term
Cons of Client-Specific Asessment
Definition
1) No comparison to norms
2) Time consuming
Term
Authentic Asessment
Definition
Assessing communication in real life settings & everyday activities
Term
Pros of Authentic Asessment
Definition
1) Representative of real life
2) Cheap
3) Culturally appropriate
4) Fewer false positives
Term
Cons of Authentic Assessment
Definition
1) Time consuming
2) Subjective
3) Difficult to qualify someone based on authentic assessment measures
Term
Dynamic Asessment
Definition
Seeing what the client can do with a little bit of help (scaffolding). Teach, test, retest
Term
Graduated prompting
Definition
Different levels of scaffolding
Term
Pros of Dynamic Assessment
Definition
1) Gives you helpful information for treatment planning
2) Reduces cultural bias
3) Assesses new learning
Term
Cons of Dynamic Assessment
Definition
1) Time consuming
2) Doesn't give you a label (differential diagnosis)
Term
Portfolio Assessment
Definition
Getting lots of information (classroom observation, writing sample, playground observation, etc.) and putting it all together
Term
Pros of Portfolio Assessment
Definition
1) Very thorough
2) Interdisciplinary
Term
Cons of Portfolio Assesment
Definition
1) Time consuming
2) Hard to coordinate
Term
Alternative & Informal Assessment Approaches
Definition
1) Client-Specific Assessment
2) Authentic Assessment
3) Dynamic Assessment
4) Portfolio Assessment
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