Term
| most common method in measuring bleeding time |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse assesses a patient’s fore arm after a venipuncture and discovers a hematoma, the nurse would.. |
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Definition
| apply warm soaks to the venipuncture site |
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Term
| An Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate is performed to identify: |
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Definition
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Term
| A common interfering factor associated with obtaining a blood sample is: |
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Definition
| adequately mixing the sample with the anticoagulant |
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Term
| White blood cell differential can help the nurse to determine if the patient has _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hemolysis can occur when a blood sample is: |
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Definition
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Term
| A _________________ identifies the number of white blood cells in a microliter of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| The differential count is the percentage of each type of __________________ in the blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prior to ________________ the patient should avoid strenouse exercise 24 hours. |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient has been ordered to have blood drawn for what diagnostic test to determine a diagnosis of polycythemia, anemia or abnormal states of hydration. |
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Definition
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Term
| A nurse drawing blood from a child would prefer to use: |
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Definition
Use a capillary tube to collect blood from a finger stick |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder in which the red blood cells are destroyed prematurely. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ESR is a sensitive but nonspecific test that’s commonly the earliest indicator of disease when other chemical or physical signs are normal. |
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Term
| What does Hematocrit measure? |
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Definition
| It measures percentage by volume of packed RBCs in a whole blood sample |
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Term
| How is the WBC differential more specific than the WBC count? |
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Definition
| The WBC differential is used to evaluate the distribution and morphology of WBC’s |
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Term
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Definition
| RBC count is used to evaluate the number of RBC and to detect possible blood disorders |
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Term
| Hemoglobin is __% of the mature red cell's dry weight. |
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Definition
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Term
| The paranasal sinuses are located within the maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid and ________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sweat test is used primarily to confirm |
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Definition
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Term
| Pulmonary function test may identify |
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Definition
| obstructive or restrictive ventilatory defects |
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Term
| Fluid aspirated from the chest is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chest radiography (chest xray) is used to detect pulmonary disorders. All of the following are pulmonary disorders that chest radiography is used for except |
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Definition
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Term
| The lung ventilation scan is performed after the patient |
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Definition
| inhales a mjixture of air and radioactive gas |
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Term
| Direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi through a flexible fiber optic scope is called |
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Definition
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Term
| One purpose of the pulmonary and circulatory systems are to |
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Definition
| provice continuous supply of oxygen to the body |
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Term
| These structures are grape like clusters and are the site of gas exchange in the lungs. What is the name of these structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pulmonary angiogram is to detect |
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Definition
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Term
| metabolic processes continually form_______ which must be eliminated to maintain __________ _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| blood gas studies measure the lung's capacity to regulate: |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide concentration in the blood |
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Term
| environmental oxygen accounts for ___% of inspired air |
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Definition
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Term
| what body systems help regulate acid-base balance? |
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Definition
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Term
| ABG are collected from _____ and the most common site is _____. |
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Definition
| radial, brachial, femoral. RADIAL |
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Term
| thoracentesis is contraindicated in patients with: |
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Definition
| a history of bleeding disorders or anticoagulant therapy |
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Term
| the chest Xray notes abnormalities as: |
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Definition
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Term
| direct visualization of hte larynx, trachea, and brochi are through a fiber optic __________ and is called a ___________. |
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Definition
| bronchoscope, bronchoscopy |
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Term
| the bronchoscopy collects specimens by 2 mehtods... |
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Definition
| biopsy forceps, or bronchial brush to obtain cells from the surface of the incision |
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Term
| Serum electrolyte assays are used by the health care provider to determine: |
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Definition
| Kidneys capacity to retain/excrete metabolic acids/bases |
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Term
| Explain the difference between oxygen content and saturation |
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Definition
O2 content is the amount of O2 combined with hemoglobin
SaO2 is the amount of O2 or hemoglobin vs. total amount of O2 the hemoglobin could carry |
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Term
| What buffer system commonly regulates pH? |
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Definition
carbonic acid—bicarbonate buffer system
CO2 + HCO- → H2CO3 (oxidation)
H2CO3 → H++ HCO3— (reduction) |
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Term
| The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The compensation mechanisms are _______. Explain how each compensates for carbonic acid and/or bicarbonate levels |
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Definition
lungs: regulate CO2 by depth and rate of respiration (rapid response)
kidneys: regulate HCO3 by excretion, reabsorption, or regeneration (3 – 4 days) |
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Term
| Explain what respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are. |
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Definition
respiratory acidosis: hypoventilation or excess CO2 retention(↑H2CO3)
respiratory alkalosis: hyperventilation or excess CO2 release – excessive exhalation (↓H2CO3) |
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Term
| The most important aspect of serum electrolytes is.. |
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Definition
| movement of fluid within and between body compartments |
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Term
| What are the most prominent cations and anions in the body? |
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Definition
Extracellular: Na+, Cl -
Intracellular: K+, Mg++, HPO4− |
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Term
| Measure of solute concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| Measure of solvent concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| Two major organs regulate osmolality by: |
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Definition
| The hypothalamus and pituitary control osmolality by regulating ADH which promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys. The kidneys control fulid and electrolytes through filtration, reabsorption, and excretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; indicates how much oxygen the lungs are delivering to the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood; indicates how efficiently the lungs eliminate carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| arterial oxygen saturation. A measure of the percentage of oxygen combined with hemoglobin compared to the total amount of oxygen with which hemoglobin could combine |
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Term
| The nurse is responsible for observing and assessing collection site for: |
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Definition
| circulatory impairment or bleeding |
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Term
| Name precautions which could affect the lab results of ABGs. |
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Definition
•Wait 20 minutes after draw when starting/changing/discontinuing O2 therapy, initiating/changing mechanical ventilation or extubation
•note on lab request if patient was breathing room air or on O2 (note flow rate and delivery method).
•If on ventilator note: fraction of inspired O2, tidal volume mode, respiration rate, positive-end expiratory pressure .
•Note patient’s rectal temperature. |
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Term
| Evaluates endocrine function, calcium metabolism, and acid-base balance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Observe patients with hypercalcemia for deep bone pain, flank pain due to renal calculi, and muscle hypotonicity |
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Term
| decreased serum calcium levels may occur from: |
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Definition
| Cushing's syndrome, renal failure, pamcreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, and blood transfusion |
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Term
| Major extracellular anion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hypertonicity of muscles, tetany, depressed respirations, and decreased blood pressure with dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
| developing stupor, rapid deep breathing, and weakness, which may lead to coma. |
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Term
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Definition
| vital to neuromuscular function and intracellular metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| primary anion in intracellular fluid |
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Term
| phosphates have an inverse relationship with: |
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Definition
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Term
| Detects endocrine, skeletal, and calcium disorders. |
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Definition
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Term
| Major intracellular cation |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ helps to maintain cellular osmotic equilibrium and to regulate muscle activity, enzyme activity, and acid-base balance |
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Definition
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Term
| potassium has an inverse relationship with ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Detects the origin of arrhythmias |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| weakness, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, and colicky pain, muscle irritability progressing to flaccid paralysis, oliguria, and bradycardia |
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Term
| Na is the major extracellular cation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| observe for signs of thirst, restlessness, dry and sticky mucous membranes, flushed skin, oliguria, and diminished reflexes. If increased total body sodium causes water retention, observe for hypertension, dyspnea, edema, and heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
| apprehension, lassitude, headache, decreased skin turgor, abdominal cramps, and tremors that may progress to seizures. |
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Term
| When asked by the patient, the nurse explains that the arterial blood gases (ABG's) provide a |
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Definition
| limited picture of the body's ability to correct an imbalance |
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Term
| In the process of osmosis the nurses understands that water flows from an area of _____ to _______ concentration of osmolality. |
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Definition
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Term
| The nurse knows that the serum concentration of electrolytes influences |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidneys primarily affect acid/base balance by |
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Definition
| excreting and/or reabsorbing bicarbonate(HCO3) |
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Term
| The lungs can help control levels of carbon dioxide by |
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Definition
| increasing or decreasing the rate and depth of inspiration |
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