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Diagnostic Micro 1
FC for Exam 1 in diagnostic micro
62
Biology
Undergraduate 4
09/30/2011

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Term
Describe characteristics of Staphylococus
Definition
Gram Pos, Cat Pos, Coag Neg (mostly), Non Motile, Non Spore forming, Aerobic/Facultative anaerobic,
Term
Colony morphology of Staph
Definition
White, creamy, medium (4-8mm) sized colonies, Beta or Non Hemolytic
Term
Predisposing factors for a Staph infection
Definition
Break in skin/mucus barrier, Secondary to viral infection (temp. immunocompromised), Chronic disease, long term ABX, imbalance of normal biota
Term
Staph vs. Micrococcus
Definition
Staph: O/F +/+, Bacitracin R
Micro: O/F +/-, Bacitracin S
Term
Staph Enterotoxin
Definition
A-E, G, I. Involved in food poisoning, heat stable and acid resistant.
B- assc with pseudomembranous colitis
F (now TSST-1) superantigen, pyrogenic,
others can be involved in TSS as well
Term
Staph- Exfoliatin Toxin
Definition
Causes SSS, cleaves granulosum layer of skin causing skin to peel off
Term
Staph- Coagulase
Definition
Found with leukocidin, thought to camouflage the bacterial cell
Term
Staph- Hemolysins
Definition
Cause destruction of RBC and WBC
Alpha- Anti-RBC and WBC, dermonecrotic and neurotoxic
Beta- acts on sphingomyelinase in RBC
Delta- stimulates cAMP and causes diarrhea
Term
Staph- Hyaluronidase
Definition
Works on connective tissues/lysis of intracellular matrix allowing spread of bacteria through tissue
Term
Staph- Leukocidin
Definition
AKA Panton-Valentine Toxin, changes permeability of cell to K+, leading to water influx and lysis
Term
Staph- Protein A
Definition
Found in wall of cell and excreted, binds Fc portion of IgG, making it useless, activates complement and injures platelets
Term
staph- beta lactamase
Definition
anti-penicillin enzyme
Term
Staph= TSST1
Definition
AKA enterotoxin F, superantigen, causes systemic reaction and death
Term
Enteritis
Definition
Overgrowth of staph in GI tract. Caused by long term ABX, wipe out of normal flora.
Term
Food poisoning
Definition
Causes by enterotoxins, excessive sweating, vomiting, diahhrea, cramps. Usually caused by Type A
Term
Impetigo
Definition
superficial folliculitis, skin infection usually found around nose/mouth
Term
Pyoderma
Definition
infected skin follicules, can lead to furuncles (boils/sties) or carbuncles (abscesses)
Term
Ritters Disease
Definition
Exfoliative Dermatitis, usually in children <5 y/o, starts near nose/mouth and spreads down to neck/trunk. Skin peels off
Term
Clinical Significance of Micrococcus
Definition
Cat Pos, Coag Neg, OF: +/-, Resistance to Lysostaphin
Term
Staph result to GS
Definition
Gram Pos cocci in pairs, single, clusters
Term
Staph result to Catalase
Definition
Catalase Positive
Term
Staph result for Coagulase
Definition
Slide: Neg (except aureus)
Tube: Neg (except some aureus)
Latex: Neg (except aureus)
Term
Staph result for Mannitol
Definition
used to detect MRSA
Term
Staph result for Novobiocin
Definition
S- Staph spp.
R- Staph Saprophyticus
Term
Staph results for glucose/oxidase
Definition
+/+
(micrococci is +/-)
Term
ID the Org: medium, white colonies, Gram + cocci, Cat +, Coag +, OF +/+
Definition
S.aureus
Coag gives it away
Term
ID the Org: Small round, white creamy colongies, G+ cocci, cat +, coag -, Novobiocin S, OF +/+
Definition
Staph CoNS
Term
ID the ORG: Medium white, creamy colonies, G+ cocci, Cat +, Coag -, Novbiocin R, OF +/+
Definition
S.saprophyticus
Term
ID the ORG: yellow, small creamy colonies, G+ cocci, Cat +, Coag -, Novbiocin S, OF +/-
Definition
Micrococcus spp.
Term
Strep vs Micro
Definition
Strep: Cat -, grow in anaerobic conditions, contain M protein in cell wall
Micro: Cat +, aerobic, no M Protein
Term
Types of Hemolysis
Definition
A- green tinge, partial lysis
B- full lysis, clearing around colonies
non- Nothing
Term
Lancefield Classification
Definition
Determined by type of C-carbohydrate in cell wall
Group A- Pyogenes
B- Agalactiae
C- usually animal pathogens
D- normall respiratory and intestinal flora (enterococcus)
S.pneumonmia has no grouping!
Term
Streptolysin O vs Streptolysin S
Definition
O is oxygen labile, lysis of blood cells, cardiotoxic and rheumatic fever factor.
S is oxygen stable and non-immunogenic
Term
Diseases caused by Strep Pyogenes
Definition
Strep throat, scarlet fever, impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis and puerperal sepsis
Term
Toxin which causes Scarlet fever
Definition
Erythrogenic toxin
Term
2 S.agalactiae syndromes in newborns
Definition
Early onset- 0-5 days following birth high mortality
late onset- months after birth, usually meningitis, low mortality
Term
Why is it important to differentiate group D strep
Definition
Because of antibiotic resistance, Enterococcus have multiple degress of resistance to vancomyacin and tercoplanan
Term
Most common enterococcus spp
Definition
E.faecalis and E.faecum
Term
Noscomial enterococcus infections
Definition
UTI and bacteremia
Term
Capsule purpose in s.pneumonia
Definition
makes it difficult for the immune system to recognize it
Term
s.pneumoniae vs viridans strep (test differentiation)
Definition
Optochin test: pneumonia is S
bile esculin: Viridans is Neg
Term
infection caused most often by strep pneumo in youth and elderly
Definition
youth- Otitis Media
old- bronchitis
Term
What group of strep causes subacute bacterial endocarditis
Definition
Viridans
Term
Strep which is most common cause of dental carries
Definition
Strep Equi
Term
What is needed to grow Abiotrophia and Granulicatella
Definition
Sulfydryl compounds (grow with s.aureus observe for satelitism)
Term
Group D Streptococcus vs Entercoccus
Definition
Bile: Both Grow
6.5% NaCl: Entercoccus growth
PYR: Entercoccus Pos
Term
Group A Strep Bacitracin and PYR
Definition
Bacitracin S
PYR Pos
Term
What two tests can differentiate group B strep?
Definition
Hippurate: Pos
CAMP: Pos
Term
Characteristics of Corynebacterium spp
Definition
G+, Rods (club shapped) "chinese letters" aerobic, most Cat +, motility +/-, non spore forming
Term
Characteristics of A.haemoliyticum
Definition
Cat -, gram + rod, Hemolytic, gelatin -, xylose +
Term
Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes
Definition
found in unpastuerized animal products, G+ rod, weak beta hemolysis, CAMP and Hippurate +, Catalase +. "umbrella motility" at 22C semi solid agar, tumbling at 22C broth
Term
Characteristics of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Definition
Cat -, Non motile, Produces H2S in TSI tube
Term
Characteristics of Lactobacillus
Definition
Form lactic acid in fermentation, Alpha hemolytic on BAP, Cat -, anaerobic
Term
Significance of L.monocytogenes in newborns and adults
Definition
Can cause abortion in pregnant females, or mild flu like symptoms in healthy aduls, can be transfered to infants in mothers milk. Is a lethal cardiotoxin, can gow inside macrophages.
MUST BE DIFF. FROM STREP B IMMEDIETLY
Term
L.monocytogenes vs Strep.agalactiae (Gruop B)
Definition
Gram Stain: G+ cocci (strep) vs G+ rods(L.Mono)
Motility: Strep nonmotile, L.mono: distinct motility
Term
L.monocytogenes vs other Non spore forming GPB
Definition
Definitive motility pattern, Bile esculin +, cat +
Term
How to tell if C.diptheriae is toxin producing
Definition
ELEK test (old), ELISA and latex agglutination (new)
Term
Purose of Tellurite Media (Tinsdale Media)
Definition
Inhibits G- org, Black colonies indicate C.diptheria (other spp can be + too)
Term
Toxin production requirements of C.diptheriae
Definition
only produced in low iron concentrations
Term
What defines A.haemolyticum
Definition
Gelatin Neg, Xylose +, Branching morphology
Term
What defines E.rhusiopathiae?
Definition
slow growing (72 hrs) in increased CO2, small colonies, Cat -, Non motile, H2S pos
Term
Bacillus Anthrasis infections
Definition
Cutaneous- "malignant pustule" wound infection, black eschar, gelatanous edema
Pulmonary- Worst kind, chest pain, dyspnea, rapid death
Gastrointestinal- nausea, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, shock
Gastrointestinal
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