Term
| What do you need to diagnose infectious diseases? |
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Definition
| complete patient history, physical exam, evaluate symptoms, proper selection, collection, transport and processing of clinical specimens |
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Term
| What are clinical specimens? |
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Definition
| body fluids, secretions, tissues |
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Term
| What is important of clinical specimens? |
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Definition
| that they are taken correctly because everything else relies on these collections |
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Term
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Definition
| blood cultures, and are the biggest danger for occupational hazard |
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Term
| how are clinical specimens protected? |
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Definition
| leakproof container and proper labeling |
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Term
| What does garbage in garbage out mean? |
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Definition
| bad data in? bad data out |
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Term
| What do high quality specimens give you? |
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Definition
| clinically relevant results |
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Term
| What are the three components of specimen quality? |
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Definition
| proper selection, collection and transport |
|
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Term
| what are the three consequences of poor-quality specimens? |
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Definition
1) etiologiv agent may be missed/destroyed
2) overgrowth of indigenous flora may mask etiologic agent
3) contaminants may interfere with recovery of etiologic agent |
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Term
| What does the lab provide to lay out laws of specimen collection |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the floor manual? |
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Definition
| what the lab is responsible for, it is required for certification and tells you how to handle each thing that could happen |
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Term
| How are specimens properly collected? |
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Definition
| physician-specified collections and work with the MCB lab |
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|
Term
| why is proper collection important? |
|
Definition
| it minimizes contamination and protects sterile specimens |
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|
Term
| what is a good way to prevent contamination |
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Definition
| collect speciment from site where pathogen is most likely to be found with the least contamination |
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Term
| When undergoing antimicrobial therapy, when do you obtain the specimen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the best stage to collect specimen? |
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Definition
| the acute stage (when showing symptoms) |
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|
Term
| What are 4 points about collecting that would make it better? |
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Definition
| perform collection with care and tact, provide instructions for self-collections, obtain a sufficient quantity, and place in a sterile container. |
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Term
| What do you have to protect the specimen from during transportation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How are hazardous specimen handled? |
|
Definition
| with more care to avoid contamination of personnel |
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|
Term
| How do containers need to be? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a proper label include? |
|
Definition
| name, ID, culture site, date/time |
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Term
| What does an appropriate request slip include? |
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Definition
| requesting physician, collector, working diagnosis |
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Term
| When should the collected specimens be brought to the MCB lab? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| TF urine usually is contaminated by microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you get a clean sample of urine? |
|
Definition
| "clean catch, midstream urine" |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| use a straight cath - tap bladder and drain. don't take a sample from a full catheter bag |
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|
Term
| Suprapubic needle aspiration urine |
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Definition
| taps urine through pelvic bone |
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|
Term
| How does urine need to be treated in the context of lab stuff |
|
Definition
| processed within 30 minutes, and refrigerate at 4C for up to 24 hours |
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|
Term
| In urine samples, is bacteruria alone significant? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you tell if the bacteria in urine is due to contamination or not? |
|
Definition
| you do a cell count and look for white blood cells in the urine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the presence of bacteria in urine not due to the contamination of the sample. |
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|
Term
| What do WBC in the urine indicate? |
|
Definition
| you know there is an infection (if there is just bacteria then you know it's just a colony from contamination) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| live bacteria in the blood that does not reproduce, easily cleared |
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Term
|
Definition
| live bacteria in blood that is multiplying and being sent to other organ systems, eventually kills patient |
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|
Term
| What is in a blood culture set? |
|
Definition
| 1 aerobic vial and 1 anaerobic vial |
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|
Term
| What is the most sensitive to the volume of blood collected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you disinfect blood? |
|
Definition
| 70% alcohol, iodiphore, and chloro- |
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|
Term
| How do you clean injection site? |
|
Definition
| concentric swabbing motion outward from injection site |
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|
Term
| Clinical specimens: cerebrospinal fluid: meningitis |
|
Definition
| infection of the membrane that surrounds the brain |
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|
Term
| Clinical specimens: cerebrospinal fluid: encephalitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the brain |
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Term
| Clinical specimens: cerebrospinal fluid: meningoencephalitis |
|
Definition
| you have an infection and inflammation |
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|
Term
| TF bacterial etiologies are rapidly fatal |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical specimens: cerebrospinal fluid: how is it collected |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical specimens: cerebrospinal fluid: how fast does the processing need to be? |
|
Definition
| 30 minutes or less (STAT) |
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|
Term
| Clinical specimens: cerebrospinal fluid: how are they read in the MCB lab |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical specimens: cerebrospinal fluid: how is the glucose count affected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical specimens: cerebrospinal fluid: how is the preliminary report handled? |
|
Definition
| it must be called into the lab, no fax |
|
|
Term
| TF many people die from viral meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical specimens: cerebrospinal fluid: what kind of test is bacterial antigen testing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of pus within the lungs (where the bugs will be if there is pheumonia) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is examined for quality control of sputum specimens? |
|
Definition
| white blood cells, epithelial cells |
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|
Term
| What is a bronchial aspiration? |
|
Definition
| drawing fluid from the body |
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|
Term
| What is the significance of first morning sputum? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yes, it needs to be refrigerated though |
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|
Term
| What bug do throat swabs usually test for? |
|
Definition
| Group A strep; steptococcus pyogenes |
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|
Term
| What do you have to do for testing throat swabs for anything besides type A strep |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you have to do with a wound? |
|
Definition
| aspirates (removal of fluid) or biopsy |
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|
Term
| What do you have to do with wounds? 4 things |
|
Definition
| swab the specimen, indicate the type of wound, note the anatomic site, and see if it is aerobic or anaerobic |
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|
Term
| What does a GC culture test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should GC inoculation occur? |
|
Definition
| immediately to the appropriate selective media |
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|
Term
| What kinds of swabs do you have with GC cultures? |
|
Definition
| vaginal, cervical, urethral, throat, rectal |
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|
Term
| Should GC swabs be refrigerated during transport? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of report do you get for males from GC cultures? |
|
Definition
| preliminary gram stain report |
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|
Term
| What kind of tests are used for GC and chlamydia trachomatis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can a binary test test for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If fecal specimens were not processed ASAP, what would happen? |
|
Definition
| die off of bacterial pathogens |
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|
Term
| What is cultured from a stool sample? |
|
Definition
| salmonella, shigella, campylobacter |
|
|
Term
| What parasites are examined from stool specimens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you want to look for other organisms in stool specimens, what do you need to do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the structural and functional manifestations of disease |
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|
Term
| Who is the doctor's doctor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two types of pathology are there? |
|
Definition
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