Signs and Symptoms

of Epinephrine

Release

• Diaphoresis
• Tremors
• Weakness
• Hunger
• Tachycardia
• Dizziness
• Pale, Cool, Clammy Skin
• Warm Sensation

Signs and Symptoms

Brain Cell Dysfunction

• Confusion
• Drowsiness
• Disorentation
• Unresponsiveness
• Seizures
• Strokelike Symptoms (including Hemiparesis)

Signs and Symptoms

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

• Slow Onset (over days)
• Tachycardia
• Low B/P
• Kussmaul Respirations (rapid deep respirations)
• Fruity or Acetone Ordor on the Breath
• Altered Mental Status
• Coma (Very Late Stage)
• Poor Skin Turgor
• Dry Mouth
• Polydipsia (Intense Thirst)
• Polyuria
• Polyphagia (Hunger)
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Abdominal Pain
• Muscle Cramps
• Warm, Dry, Flush Skin
• BGL >350mg/dL

Signs and Symptom

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar

Nonketotic Syndrome

(HHNS)

• Slow Onset (over days)
• Tacycardia
• Low BP
• Normal Respirations
• No Breath Odor
• Altered Mental Status, Confusion
• Dry Mouth
• Dehydration
• Poor Skin Turgor
• Polydipsia (Thirst)
• Dry, Warm Skin
• Fever
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Polyuria
• No Abdominal Pain
• Very High BGL (600 - 1200 mg/dL)

What is the emergency treatment for

DKA?

• Establish and maintain a patent airway.
• If breathing is adequate and SpO2 is >94%, with no signs of repiratory distress, place patient on nasal cannula.
• If breathing is inadequate, provide PPV with BVM and supplemental O2
• Determine BGL if protocal permits.
• If unsure of condition, administer oral glucose if patient can swallow.
• Contact medical control for further orders.

Signs and Symptoms of

Hypoglycemia

• Sudden Onset
• Tachycardia
• Normal BP
• Normal or Shallow Respirations
• No Breath Odor
• Bizarre, Aggressive, Agitated Behavior
• Salivation
• Absent Thirst
• Uncommon to Vomit
• No Abdominal Pain
• Very Low BGL ( >60mg/dL)

What is the emergency treatment for

Hypoglycemia?

• Establish a patent airway
• If airway is adequate, SpO2 >94% with no respiratory distress, no O2 might be necessary.
• If SpO2 is <94% or signs of respiratory distress, hypoxia, or hypoperfusion, place patient on nasal cannula.
• If signs of severe hypoxia, Non Rebreather at 15lpm
• If breathing is inadequate (rate or tidal volume), PPV by BVM.
• Call for ALS
• Assess BGL
• If patient can swallow, administer oral glucose. Dosage: 1 tube (15 grams)

What is the emergency treatment for

HHNS?

• Establish and maintain a patent airway.

• If breathing is adequate and SpO2 is >94%, with no signs of repiratory distress, place patient on nasal cannula.

• If breathing is inadequate, provide PPV with BVM and supplemental O2
• Determine BGL if protocal permits.
• If unsure of condition, administer oral glucose if patient can swallow.
• Contact medical control for further orders.