Term
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Definition
INSULIN ANALOG - RAPID ACTING
USE: tx of type I insulin dependent DM
Mechanism: forms dimers and hexamers and are absorbed more slowly, faster forms are monomers
Other: targets insulin receptor, subQ for routine tx and IV for emergencies
Side effects: hypoglycemia from overdose and or failure to eat (tx with glucose, or glucagon), lipodystrophy at injection site, insulin allergy and resistance |
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Term
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Definition
INSULIN ANALOG - FAST ACTING
USE: tx of type I insulin dependent DM
Mechanism: forms dimers and hexamers and are absorbed more slowly, faster forms are monomers, increased self aggragation and binding to albumin, slow absorption
Side effects: hypoglycemia from overdose and or failure to eat (tx with glucose, or glucagon), lipodystrophy at injection site, insulin allergy and resistance |
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Term
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Definition
INSULIN ANALOG - LONG ACTING, (new)
USE: tx of type I insulin dependent DM
Mechanism: forms dimers and hexamers and are absorbed more slowly, faster forms are monomers, precipitates at neutral pH for slow absorption
Side effects: hypoglycemia from overdose and or failure to eat (tx with glucose, or glucagon), lipodystrophy at injection site, insulin allergy and resistance |
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Term
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Definition
INSULIN ANALOG - FAST ACTING
USE: tx of type I insulin dependent DM
Mechanism: forms dimers and hexamers and are absorbed more slowly, faster forms are monomers
Side effects: hypoglycemia from overdose and or failure to eat (tx with glucose, or glucagon), lipodystrophy at injection site, insulin allergy and resistance |
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Term
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Definition
INSULIN ANALOG - RAPID ACTING
USE: tx of type I insulin dependent DM
Mechanism: forms dimers and hexamers and are absorbed more slowly, faster forms are monomers
INSULIN ANALOG
USE: tx of type I insulin dependent DM
Mechanism: forms dimers and hexamers and are absorbed more slowly, faster forms are monomers
Side effects: hypoglycemia from overdose and or failure to eat (tx with glucose, or glucagon), lipodystrophy at injection site, insulin allergy and resistance |
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Term
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Definition
INSULIN ANALOG - INTERMEDIATE ACTING
USE: tx of type I insulin dependent DM
Mechanism: forms dimers and hexamers and are absorbed more slowly, faster forms are monomers
other: wt with protamine added and forms a complex
Side effects: hypoglycemia from overdose and or failure to eat (tx with glucose, or glucagon), lipodystrophy at injection site, insulin allergy and resistance |
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Term
| regular crystalline insulin |
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Definition
INSULIN - SHORT ACTING
USE: tx of type I insulin dependent DM
Mechanism: forms dimers and hexamers and are absorbed more slowly, faster forms are monomers
Side effects: hypoglycemia from overdose and or failure to eat (tx with glucose, or glucagon), lipodystrophy at injection site, insulin allergy and resistance |
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Term
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Definition
INCRETIN-LIKE DRUGS
USE: type II DM, need insulin to work
Mechanism: inhibit incretid degredation
Other: ORAL |
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Term
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Definition
INCRETIN - LIKE DRUGS
USE: type II DM, need insulin to work
Mechanism: incretin agonist
Other: SQ injections |
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Term
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Definition
AMYLIN ANALOG
USE: type II DM and can be used in Type I with insulin
Mechanism: made in alpha cells of pancrease to inhibit glucagon secretion and has CNS mediated anorectic effect |
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Term
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Definition
SULFONYLUREA - 1ST GENERATION
ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG
USE: tx of type II DM
MechanismL increase insulin secretion by decreasing K+ efflux, reduce glucagon levels
Other: 60 hour duration
Side Effects: hypoglycemia, sulfonylurea resistance, tachyphylaxis, weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
SULFONYLUREA - 2ND GERNEARTION
ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG
USE: tx of type II DM
MechanismL increase insulin secretion by decreasing K+ efflux, reduce glucagon levels
Other: 10-24 hours
Side Effects: hypoglycemia, sulfonylurea resistance, tachyphylaxis, weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
SULFONYLUREA - 2ND GENERATION
ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG
USE: tx of type II DM
MechanismL increase insulin secretion by decreasing K+ efflux, reduce glucagon levels
other: 10-24 hours
Side Effects: hypoglycemia, sulfonylurea resistance, tachyphylaxis, weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
SULFONYLUREA - 2ND GENERATION
ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG
USE: tx of type II DM
MechanismL increase insulin secretion by decreasing K+ efflux, reduce glucagon levels
other: 12-24 hours
Side Effects: hypoglycemia, sulfonylurea resistance, tachyphylaxis, weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
SULFONYLUREA - 1ST GENERATION
ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG
USE: tx of type II DM
MechanismL increase insulin secretion by decreasing K+ efflux, reduce glucagon levels
Other: 6-12 hr duration
Side Effects: hypoglycemia, sulfonylurea resistance, tachyphylaxis, weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
MEGLITINIDE - ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG
mechanism: bind receptors associated with ATP sensitive K+ channels in B cells and stimulate their closing leading to increased insulin secretion
Other: higher binding affinity than sulfonylureas and more potent but shorter duration (4-5 hours)
Side effects: hypoglycemia, cautiously with renal and hepatic insufficiency, weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
PHENYLALANINE ANALOGS - ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUG
Mechanism: unrelated to meglitinides but stimulates insulin secretion by binding to receptors associated with ATP sensitive K+ channels in the B cells and stimulated their closing, faster and less sustained than meglitinides
Side effects: hypoglycemia but less prnonounced than meglitinides and safer for renal dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
BIGUANIDE - ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG
Use: first line therapy for type II DM
Mecahnism: activate the AMP activated protein kinase to sense energy changes and decreased glucose output
Side effects: GI discomfort, lactic acidosis, do NOT induce hypoglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
THIAZOLIDINEDIONES - ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG
Mechanism: agonist for PPARy and increase insulin sensitivity in target tissues
Side effects: liver toxicitym cardiac side effects (esp. rosiglitazone), weight gaine |
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Term
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Definition
THIAZOLIDINEDIONES - ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG
Mechanism: agonist for PPARy and increase insulin sensitivity in target tissues
Side effects: liver toxicitym cardiac side effects (esp. rosiglitazone), weight gaine |
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Term
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Definition
ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS - ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUG
MechanismL decrease intestinal absorption of carbs by inhibiting a-glucosidases to decrease blood glucose and sugar uptake
Side effects: flatulence, diarrhea, ab pain, hepatic toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS - ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUG
MechanismL decrease intestinal absorption of carbs by inhibiting a-glucosidases to decrease blood glucose and sugar uptake
Side effects: flatulence, diarrhea, ab pain, hepatic toxicity |
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