Term
| The asthmatic immune response is believed to be mediated by which type of lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ are responsible for mucus hyper secretion, vasogenic edema, and recruiting other inflammatory cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment goals how that this spirometry value is normal? |
|
Definition
| Peak expiatory flow. PEF. |
|
|
Term
| Three groups of inhaled drugs used for Astham and COPD? |
|
Definition
B2 agonists
Methylxanthines
Anticholinergics |
|
|
Term
| ___ is a short acting beta 2 adrenergic reeptor agonists, while ___ is long acting? |
|
Definition
| Salmeterol +/- fluticasone (Advair) |
|
|
Term
| B2 agonists, agonize what type of receptors on muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cellular effect does albuterol have on the muscle cell after binding the G protein receptor? |
|
Definition
| Increases cAMP, activating PKA. Resulting in a decrease of calcium concentration, leading to relaxation of myosin light chains. |
|
|
Term
| T/F. B2 receptors are found on mast cells, macrophages and other immune cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F. Asthma exacerbations increase with long term albertol use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F. Albuterol can lead to tachycaria, tremors, and even cardiac arrest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some adverse effects of B2 agonists? |
|
Definition
Insomnia
Anxiety
Tachycardia
Tremors
Cardiac death |
|
|
Term
| Adverse Effects of Inhaled Steroids? |
|
Definition
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush)
Dysphonia |
|
|
Term
| Steroids have a synergistic effects with _____ to treat for asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Theo-Dur (Theophyline) MOA? |
|
Definition
Phosphodiesterase inhibiton
Activates histone deacetylase |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Theo-Dur (Theophyline) ? |
|
Definition
Peptic Ulcer disease
Kidney Disease |
|
|
Term
| Difference between methylxanthines and b2 agonist? |
|
Definition
One activates adenyl cyclase increasing cAMP (Albuterol)
Methylxanthines increase cAMP by inhibiting breakdown from phosphodiesterase (methyxanthines) |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Theo-Dur (Theophyline) ? |
|
Definition
Nausea
Vomiting
Headaches
Insomnia
Overdosing similar to B2 agonist (cardiac arrthythmias |
|
|
Term
| Key drug interactions with Theo-Dur (Theophyline) ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Theo-Dur (Theophyline) is what type of drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Singulair (monteleukast) is what type of drug class? |
|
Definition
| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Singulair (monteleukast) MOA? |
|
Definition
| Competitive cysteinyle leukotrience receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Singulair (monteleukast)? |
|
Definition
Upper respiratory infections, cough
abdominal pain, diarrhea
Fever, headach
Eosinophilic granulomatosis |
|
|
Term
| Singulair (monteleukast) key drug interactions? |
|
Definition
Conazole inhibit metabolism of Singular
Avoid NSAIDs and aspirin |
|
|
Term
| Singulair (monteleukast) is contraindicated in which patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5 lipooxygenase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Zyflo (zileuton)? |
|
Definition
| Sinusitis, nausea, sore through, dyspepsia, and liver toxicity |
|
|
Term
| Key drug interactions of Zyflo (zileuton)? |
|
Definition
| Zileuton inhibits the metabolism of theophyline, warfarin, and propranolol. |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Zyflo (zileuton)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral corticosteroids are used for what degree of asthma? |
|
Definition
| Severe (Prednisone, methyprednisone, Dexamathasone) |
|
|
Term
| Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil are what drug class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Mast Cell Stabilizers are preferred over luekotrience receptor antagonists? |
|
Definition
| False. They are alternative but not preferred, meds for the tx of mild persistent asthma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Xolair (omalizumab) ? |
|
Definition
Nasopharygitis, upper respiratory tract infection, headache
Anaphylaxis in 2-24 hours. |
|
|
Term
| What is the key drug interaction with Xolair (omalizumab) ? |
|
Definition
Synribo (omacetaxine) - anti-leukemia
Risk of opportunistic infections due to myelosuppression |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications to Xolair (omalizumab) ? |
|
Definition
| Hypersensitivity to Xolair |
|
|
Term
| T/F. Anti-Histamine is an effective treatment for asthma? |
|
Definition
| False. Controversial need high doses that may produce adverse effects. |
|
|
Term
| Aspirin induced asthma starts out as ___? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medications are used to treat Aspirin Induced Astham? |
|
Definition
Singular (monteleukast)
Zyflo (zileuton) |
|
|
Term
| Nitrous oxide can be used for asthma patients but not for ___ patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is largely reversible, whereas ___ can be either reversible or irreversible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscarinic receptor antagonist, Atrovent (ipratropium) and tiotropium Spiriva are bronhodilators used in ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F. Patients with diabetes have significant risk of alzheimers disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral manifest ions of diabetes? |
|
Definition
Burning Mouth Syndrome
Candidiasis
Lichen Planus
Neurosensory Dysesthesias
Salivary dysfunction
Taste Dysfunction
Xerostoma
Impaired healing
Periodontitis
Dental Caries |
|
|
Term
| Insulin binds ____ receptor to translocate glucose transports to the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
| Tyrosine Kinase Growth Factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Apidra (insulin glulisine) is a ____ acting insulin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NovoLog (insulin aspart) is a ___ acting insulin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Humulin N vs Humalog, onset?? |
|
Definition
| Humulin is intermediate 1-2 hours, Humalog rapid 30 minutes |
|
|
Term
| What are the three long acting insulin? |
|
Definition
Levemir (insulin detemir)
Lantus (insulin glargine)
Tresiba (insulin degludec) |
|
|
Term
| Levemir is a long acting synthetic insulin because it does what when injected? |
|
Definition
| Binds to serum proteins tightly |
|
|
Term
| Lantus is a long acting synthetic insulin because it does what when injected? |
|
Definition
| Preciptates slowly into crystals |
|
|
Term
| Secreted by beta cells in the pancreas ____ slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion, and mediates appetite. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Insulin and ___ are secreted very similarly throughout the day of non-diabetic patients. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symlin (pramlintide) is a synthetic ___ analog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Symlin (pramlintide)? |
|
Definition
Severe Hypoglycemia
Anxiety
Blurred Vision
Chills |
|
|
Term
| Key drug interactions with Symlin (pramlintide)? |
|
Definition
Can delay absorption of oral meds
Ace inhibitors may increase hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Symlin (think gastric) |
|
Definition
| Patients with gastroparesis |
|
|
Term
| Glucagon like peptide -1 is only for use in _____ diabetic patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This hormone stimulates insulin secretion, increased beta cell mass, increase satiety, and is produced by intestinal L cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Byetta (exenatide) is an ___ analog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA for Byetta (exenatide) and Victoza (Liraglutide)? |
|
Definition
| GLP-1 receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Byetta (exenatide) ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Victoza (ilraglutide)? |
|
Definition
| Hoarseness, bloody urine, bladder pain. |
|
|
Term
| Glucophage (metformin) is in the _____ drug class that have an MOA ____? |
|
Definition
Biguanide
Inhibits mitochondrial complex I |
|
|
Term
| Biguanides (metformin) have what pharmacological effects? (4) |
|
Definition
Decrease glucose production by liver
Increase glucose uptake by cells
Decrease intestinal absorption of glucose |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Glucophage (metformin) ? |
|
Definition
| Diarrhea, Nausea, vomitting |
|
|
Term
| Drug interactions of Glucophage (metformin)? |
|
Definition
Procardia (nifedipine) and Lasix (furosemide) increases metformin blood levels
Metformin decreases furosemide blood levels |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Biguanides Glucophage (metformin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diabeta (glyburide) and Glucotrol (glipizide) MOA? |
|
Definition
| Sulfonylurea receptor 1 agonist in pancreatic beta cells |
|
|
Term
| Sulfonylureas (diabeta and Glucotrol) adverse effects? |
|
Definition
Hypoglycemia
Nausea/Vomiting
Weight gain |
|
|
Term
| Sulfonylureas (diabeta and Glucotrol) have key drug interactions with quinolone, conazoles, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, and tricyclics, causing _____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corticosteriods and atypical antipsychotics can induce ____ in diabetic patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meglitinides like Prandin (repaglinide) MOA? |
|
Definition
| inhibits K channels in pancreatic beta cells. |
|
|
Term
| Meglitinides like Prandin (repaglinide) have what adverse effects (4)? |
|
Definition
Hypoglycemia
Diarrhea
Nausea
Weight gain |
|
|
Term
| Gemfibrozil, conazoles and clarithromycin inhibit the metabolism of ____? |
|
Definition
| Meglitinides like Prandin (repaglinide) |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Meglitinides like Prandin (repaglinide)? |
|
Definition
Pregnancy
Nursing
Liver Disease |
|
|
Term
| Actos (pioglitazone) is a ______ that agonizes ____ receptor? |
|
Definition
Thiazolidinediones
PPAR gamma |
|
|
Term
| ____ is an insulin mimetic that lowers blood glucose in type II patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Actos (pioglitazone) adverse effects? |
|
Definition
Fluid retention
Congestive heart failure. |
|
|
Term
| Actos (pioglitazone) key drug interactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications Actos (pioglitazone)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Competitive inhibitor of alpha glucosidase hydrolase, pancreatic alpha amylase |
|
|
Term
| Precose (acarbose) functions by delaying ? |
|
Definition
| Breakdown of carbohydrates to glucose |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Precose (acarbose)? |
|
Definition
| Accumulated intestinal carbohydrates with gut flora resulting in flatulence and diarrhea. |
|
|
Term
| Key drug interacts of Precose (acarbose)? |
|
Definition
| Quinolone antibiotics can potentiate hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
| Contraindication for Precose (acarbose)? |
|
Definition
| Inflammatory bowel disease. |
|
|
Term
| Januvia (sitagliptin) and Tradjenta (linagliptin) MOA? |
|
Definition
| Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Januvia (sitagliptin) and Tradjenta (linagliptin) pharm effect? |
|
Definition
| Slows the inactivation of GLP-1 |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Januvia (sitagliptin) and Tradjenta (linagliptin)? |
|
Definition
| Runny nose (lingaliptin), peripheral edema (sitagliptin) and headache (both). |
|
|
Term
| Key drug interactions with Januvia (sitagliptin) and Tradjenta (linagliptin)? |
|
Definition
Atypical antipsychotics
Corticosteriods |
|
|
Term
| Contraindication for Januvia (sitagliptin) and Tradjenta (linagliptin)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sodium Glucose Co-Transport inhibitors lower blood glucose by what mechanism? |
|
Definition
| Excreting glucose through urine |
|
|
Term
| Drugs with the generic name suffix (flozin) MOA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with Hypothyroidism show exaggerated respond to what three things? |
|
Definition
| CNS depressants, narcotics, and benzodiazepines. |
|
|
Term
| Synthroid (levothyroxine) is an mimetic of ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ctyomel (liothyronine) is a mimetic of what hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyrolar (liotrix) is what kind of drug, what are its components? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F. Radioactive Iodine is used to TREAT HYPERthyroidism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ inhibits thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral contraceptives inhibit the surge of ____ preventing ovulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe monophasic, Biphasic, and triphasic Oral contraceptive differences. |
|
Definition
Mono- is a fixed dose through the month.
Biphasic - Estrogen is fixed; progesterone dose increases gradually
Triphasic: Varying amounts of hormones during the month |
|
|
Term
| 4 Adverse effects of oral contraceptives? |
|
Definition
Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
Ischemic Stroke
May promote CVD and breast cancer. |
|
|
Term
| What antibiotic induces enzyme in the liver to metabolize oral contraceptives? |
|
Definition
Rifampin
Risk is very small with other antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enhances absorption of Calcium from the GI tract. |
|
|
Term
| PTH has what effect on Calcium and bone? |
|
Definition
| Resorbs bone raising plasma calcium, induces resorption in the kidneys. |
|
|
Term
| Two major differences in bisphosphonates? |
|
Definition
Non-nitrogenous
Nitrogenous |
|
|
Term
| Didronel (etidronate) is a _____ bisphosphonate, that replaces the terminal phosphate in ATP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Didronel (etidronate) MOA? |
|
Definition
| Metabolite replaces terminal phosphate in ATP |
|
|
Term
| Pharm effect of Didronel (etidronate)? |
|
Definition
| Promotes osteoclast apoptosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Didronel (etidronate)? |
|
Definition
Bone pain/tenderness
BRONJ |
|
|
Term
| What are the key drug interactions with Didronel (etidronate)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications Didronel (etidronate)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fosamax (alendronate) is a ____ bisphosphonates that MOA...? |
|
Definition
Nitrogenous
Inhibits famesyl diphosphate synthase
Promoting osteoclast apoptosis |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Fosamax (alendronate)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Key drug interactions with Fosamax (alendronate)? |
|
Definition
| Aspirin/NSAIDs - risk of bleeding |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Fosamax (alendronate)? |
|
Definition
| Esophageal abnormalities. |
|
|
Term
| Non-nitrogenous bisphosphonates? |
|
Definition
Didronel (etidronate)
Donefos (clodronate)
Skelid (tiluidronate) |
|
|
Term
| Generic names with the endings -dronate are _______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F evista is a bisphosphonate? |
|
Definition
| False. Its a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator |
|
|
Term
| MOA of Evista (raloxifene)? |
|
Definition
| Partial agonist in bone and Antagonist in uterine and breast tissue. |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Evista (raloxifene)? |
|
Definition
Hot flashes
Risk of deep vein thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| Key drug interactions with Evista (raloxifene)? (think MOA) |
|
Definition
| Concurrent estrogen therapy |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 contraindications to Evista (raloxifene)? |
|
Definition
Pre-menopause
Pregancy
History of thromboembolic events. |
|
|
Term
| Evista (raloxifene) shows reduced risk of _____ due to lack of agonist effects in great and endo metrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Forteo (teriparatide) is a synthetic _____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often do you take Forteo (teriparatide)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Forteo (teriparatide) (4)? |
|
Definition
Headache
Nausea
Dizziness
Osteosarcoma |
|
|
Term
| Key drug interactions Forteo (teriparatide)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Forteo (teriparatide)? |
|
Definition
| Hypersensitivity to teriparatide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antibody to RANKL
Blocking interaction of RANKL to RANK |
|
|
Term
| Pharm effects of Prolia (denosumab)? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits osteoclast maturation |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects Prolia (denosumab)? |
|
Definition
Back Pain
Urinary and Respiratory tract infections
Risk BRONJ |
|
|
Term
| Drug interactions with Prolia (denosumab)? |
|
Definition
| Immunosuprresive drugs increase the risk of infection |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications with Prolia (denosumab)? |
|
Definition
Hypocalcemia
Pregnancy (Cat. D) |
|
|
Term
| Methyltestosterone (android, Axiron, Androgel) MOA? |
|
Definition
| Converted to dihydrotestosterone by 5-alpha reductase activates transcription of androgen dependent genes. |
|
|
Term
| Pharm effects of Methyltestosterone (android, Axiron, Androgel)? |
|
Definition
| Promotes increase muscle and bone mass |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Methyltestosterone (android, Axiron, Androgel)? |
|
Definition
Body hair growth, acne, male pattern baldness, virilization, gynecomastia.
Dyslipidemia
Prostate hypertrophy, cancer
Jaundice
Osteoporsis
Roid rage |
|
|
Term
| Key drug interaction of Methyltestosterone (android, Axiron, Androgel)? |
|
Definition
Enhances effects of coumadin
Corticosteriodsproduce increased water retention
Fluconazole inhibits testosterone metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Methyltestosterone (android, Axiron, Androgel) contraindications? |
|
Definition
Pregnancy (Cat X)
Prostate cancer |
|
|
Term
| Avodart (dutasteride) and Proscar (finasteride) MOA? |
|
Definition
| MOA: 5-a reductase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Pharmacological effects of Avodart (dutasteride) and Proscar (finasteride)? |
|
Definition
Retard growth of prostate tissue
Decrease urinary obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Avodart (dutasteride) and Proscar (finasteride)? |
|
Definition
Diminshed libido
Erectile dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Key drug interactions of Avodart (dutasteride) and Proscar (finasteride)? |
|
Definition
| Clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and conazole anti fungal inhibits |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for Avodart (dutasteride) and Proscar (finasteride)? |
|
Definition
Teratogenic: Pregnancy Cat X
Nursing |
|
|
