Term
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Definition
| when glucos ehigh insulin activated and increse duptake in liver adipose and muslce tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| a tyrosine kinsae recpetor, leadst o autophophorylationand kianse activity leads to Ir-1 activity which starts Map kianse and Pi3 kianse pathway which leas to glucosetrnasposrter translocation to membrane. ALso increased lipogenesis and protein syntehsis as wel las dna synth and cel ldivision |
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Term
| efffect on insulin on liver |
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Definition
| promotes glucose storage as glyocgen, icnresed triglyceride syntehsis, inbhits glycogenolysis. |
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Term
| effect of insulin on muscle |
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Definition
| incresase protein contnet and synth, glycogen deposits and glycogen syntehsis |
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Term
| effect of insulin on adipose tissue. |
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Definition
| promotion of syntehsis and stoarage of TG. |
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Term
| regular insulin half life |
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Definition
| short acing, subcu effects appear within 30 min peak at 2-4 hours. |
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Term
| regular insulin best method of admin |
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Definition
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Term
| regualr insulin clincial use |
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Definition
| Iv insulin in crisis situations . managing DKA , |
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Term
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Definition
| Human insulin analog, proline and insulin at position28 and 29 have switched, Biologic effects- aggregates less (less hexamers) |
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Term
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Definition
| ultashort, 3-4 hours, patients can eat 5 min after inection |
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Term
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Definition
| a human insulin analog. apartate subitstuied for prolineat 28 position b-chain. Simlair to Lispro |
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Term
|
Definition
| similiar to other reapidly injected insulins. |
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Term
| Itnermediate acting insulins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| combinatin oof insulin (negative charge) and protamine (positive charge). peaks 6-12 hours. |
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Term
|
Definition
| mixture of semilente and ultralente. semilente- is s hort duration ultralente is prolonged duration. COmbiantion has peak onset time of 8-12 hours |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
zinc precipated insulin in suspiesnion with large particls, leadign to slow
release into bloodstreem after subq injection. very high variable rate of absopriton. duration of 18-30 hours. |
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Term
|
Definition
| modifications encourage crystallization in slowly disoslvaing hexamers. Gives flat peakless profile of actiity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| also basal analogue with flat peakless activity |
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Term
|
Definition
| for convenicne long acting insulin and short acting insulin can be mixed |
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Term
|
Definition
| portable pen sized injectors. continous s ubq pump |
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Term
|
Definition
| approparite insulin levels thorugh 25 hrs to cover basal needs and postprandial needs. Basal - bolus concept is popular (basal injeciton 2 daily, and bolusi njection after meals) |
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Term
| indicatios for incsulin treatmetn |
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Definition
b-cell failure, type 1 , pancreatitis or post pancreatectomy
typ 2 diabetes when all else fails.
Gestational diabetes.
unstable form of daibetes- diabetic keocacdiosis, or nonketotic coma |
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Term
| adverse effecst of insulin |
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Definition
hypoglycemia- relieved via oral glucose. - see tachycardiaa, sweating, trembling, leadign to coma and convulsiosn if untreated.
Weight gain- type Ii diabetic problem since most of them are obese.
lipodystrophy- asaciated with subcu fatty tissue hypertrophy at injection site.
in |
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Term
| insulin eficacy may be altered by |
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Definition
| glucocroticoids, oral conratcepties, b-agonists/antagonists. |
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