Term
sulfonlyureas/second generations
what do they do |
|
Definition
decrease insulin resistance
increase beta cell to make insulin |
|
|
Term
| what are some side effects of sulfolyureas? |
|
Definition
| GI disturbances, skin rash weight gain |
|
|
Term
| what are some cautions with sulfonylureas? |
|
Definition
caution with sulfa allergies
caution with nsaids, warfarin and sulfonamides
take with food
include ides zides,mides, rides
take 30 min b4 food |
|
|
Term
| what are Biguanides and what is their action |
|
Definition
| they help lower blood glucose by decreasing insulin resistance and decreasing insulin production by the liver |
|
|
Term
| what are some names of biguanides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some things to keep in mind with biguanides |
|
Definition
lactic acidosis
headaches
gi disturbances
stop 48 hours before a procedure |
|
|
Term
| what are some alpha guucosidase inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do to the A g inhibitos do? |
|
Definition
| block the uptake of carbs in the gut |
|
|
Term
| how are Alpha glucosidase inhibitors best used? |
|
Definition
| with food, fiber hold for npo or fasting or Gi problems |
|
|
Term
| what are thiazolidinedionez (zones) |
|
Definition
lowers insulin resistance
can cause edema
weight gain and fractures |
|
|
Term
| what are non sulfonlyurea settagogues or meglitinides |
|
Definition
prandin and starlix
increase beta cells to make insulin
take with meals
can cause hypoglycemia
watch out for heart problems
kidney and liver functions |
|
|
Term
| what are incretin mimetics |
|
Definition
mimic insulin
can cause stomach discomfort, diarrhea,
DOES NOT CAUSE HYPOGLYCEMIA |
|
|
Term
| name some incretin memetics |
|
Definition
byetta
victoza
trulicity
tanzium
can be mixee with sulfonnylurias or metfomin
MUST BE REFRIGERATED |
|
|
Term
| what are dpp4 inhibitors (tins) |
|
Definition
increase insulin action
decrease liver production of glucose
can cause headache, nausea or vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symlin-used with other insulins to lower post meal blood glucose |
|
|
Term
| name some combination diabetic drugs |
|
Definition
glucovance
metaglip
avandamet
all mixed with metformin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increases blood sugar in 5-20 minutes
treats insulin induced hypoglycemia
can cause HYPERTENSION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
onset 5-15
peak 30-60 minutes
duration 2-4 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
onset 30 minutes
peak 2-4 hours
duration 4-6 hours
can be given IM or Sub Q |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
onset 2-4 hours
peak 4-12 hours
duration 16-20 hours
can be mixed with regular
rotate
mix clear to cloudy
RN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
onset 1 hours
no peak
duration 24 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rapid and long acting
50/50
70/30
75/25 |
|
|
Term
| what are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
"COLD AND CLAMMY, GIVE ME SOME CANDY"
SHAKY
SWEATY
INCREASE BLOOD PRESSURE
SLURRED SPEACH
WEAK |
|
|
Term
| what are some signs and symptoms of dka |
|
Definition
blood glucose above 300
ketones in urine
kussmaul breathing
osmotic diuresis
hyponatremia
hypokalemia
ketones in urine
glucose in urine
metablolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are signs and symptoms of hhns |
|
Definition
hyperglycemia 600-1200
osmotic diuresis
no ketones
electrolyte levels around normal
tachycardia
hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blood glucose maintained around 250 until fluid is replaced
electrlytes replaced
iv insulin
treat underlying cause |
|
|
Term
| what can cause dka or hhns |
|
Definition
| illness, stress, inadequate insulin |
|
|
