Term
| what makes the pancreas endocrine |
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Definition
| releases insulin directly into the blood stream to help the body use glucose |
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Term
| what makes the pancreas exocrine |
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Definition
| pancreas releases pancreatic enzymes through a duct into the duodenum to break down foods for digestion and elimination |
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Term
| what does diabetes mellitus "literally" mean |
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Definition
diabetes: greek word "to siphon"
mellitus: latin word "sweet" "honey"
polyuria and glucose in urine |
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Term
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Definition
described as a group of disorders with a collection of symptoms that affect multiple body systems
the body is unable to metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and insulin correctly, thus resulting in glucose intolerance |
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Term
| t/f diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f diabetes can be cured with diet and exercise |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the major role of the nurse with the patient suffering from diabetes? |
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Definition
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Term
| who is at risk for diabetes? |
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Definition
older adults
minorities (African American, Hispanic American, native American)
obesity (even in children) |
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Term
| t/f: diabetes is the 4th leading cause of death by disease in US |
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Definition
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Term
| why is diabetes the 4th leading cause of death by disease in US |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| insulin, glucagon, somatostatin |
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Term
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Definition
| glucagon- increases blood glucose by stimulating the breakdown of lipids in liver and adipose which releases glucose into the blood stream |
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Term
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Definition
| insulin: movement of glucose across cell membrane out of the blood stream which lowers blood glucose |
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Term
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Definition
somatostatin: growth hormone
neurotransmitter that inhibits production of glucagon and insulin and increases blood glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| high blood glucose caused by lack of adequate amount of insulin or insufficient insulin action |
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Term
| describe the homeostatic mechanism that takes place during hyperglycemia |
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Definition
| when blood glucose is high (>100) the pancreas releases beta cells (insulin) which triggers cells to open up and allow glucose to enter from the blood and also causes the excess glucose to be stored as glycogen in the liver and thus causes the blood glucose to fall |
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Term
| describe the homeostatic process that occurs when the patient is hypoglycemic |
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Definition
| when the blood sugar is too low (<70) the pancreas releases alpha cells (glucagon) which causes the liver to undergo glycogenesis which breaks the stored glycogen into glucose and releases into the blood stream |
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Term
| t/f all body tissues require constant supply of glucose but not all tissues require insulin for glucose uptake |
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Definition
true
brain, liver, intestines, and renal tubules do not require insulin |
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Term
| other factors that can stimulate increased blood glucose |
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Definition
epinephrine
growth hormone
thyroxine
glucocorticoids (cortisol) |
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Term
| what is the primary source of energy for the body |
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Definition
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Term
| when there is not enough glucose present, what is the next best thing the body uses for energy |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens when the body uses protein for energy use? |
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Definition
| its eating muscle due to starvation |
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