Term
| Objectives of Proper Operator Positioning |
|
Definition
- Patient's well-being is most important
- Clinician must function effectively/efficiently
- Prevents operator fatigue
- Permits clear view of work area
- Allows correct face of instrument to tooth angulation |
|
|
Term
| Upright Patient Positioning |
|
Definition
- medical history
- patient education
- extra-oral exam |
|
|
Term
| Semi-Upright Patient Positioning |
|
Definition
- Certain Cardiovascular problems
- Arthritis of the back
- Respiratory Problems |
|
|
Term
| Supine Patient Positioning |
|
Definition
- Chairback nearly parallel
- heels slightly higher than tip of nose
- top of head even with top of head rest
- field of operation is at operator's elbow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- feet flat
- thighs parallel/slightly sloped down
- chair back at 90-100 degrees
- forearms at waist/heart level
- body weight evenly distributed
- beutral position of wrist/fingers |
|
|
Term
| Operator Position Continued |
|
Definition
- butt as far back as possible
- knees slightly below hip level
- weight evenly distributed over back of thighs
- legs form tripod with long axis of body |
|
|
Term
| Light vs Bracket Tray Location |
|
Definition
- at arms length above, behind or in front of operator
- at arms length low enough to view instruments easily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- patient chin down
- occlusal plane parallel to floor
- light from above, slightly in front of patient or slightly behind operator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- patient chin up
- occlusal plane of max. perpendicular to floor
- Light directly in front of patient |
|
|
Term
| Front position vs. side position vs. back position |
|
Definition
- 8-9 o'clock
- 9-11 o'clock
- 11-12 o'clock |
|
|
Term
Anterior Sextant (Front Position)
Right Handed |
|
Definition
- Mandibular facial and lingual surfaces
- Maxillary palatal only #9, 10 and 11 mesial or near surfaces |
|
|
Term
Posterior Sextant (Front Position)
Right Handed |
|
Definition
- Mandibular R buccal
- Mandibular L lingual
- Maxillary R buccal
- Maxillary L palatal |
|
|
Term
Posterior Sextant (Side Position)
Right Handed |
|
Definition
- Mandibular R Lingual
- Mandibular L Buccal
- Maxillary R Palatal
- Maxillary L Buccal |
|
|
Term
Anterior Sextant (Back Position)
Right Handed |
|
Definition
- Mandibular surfaces away facial/lingual
- Maxillary all facials
- Maxillary palatal all surfaces except #9, 10, and 11 near surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- reflecting surface on front of glass
- clear image
- no distortion
- easily scratched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- reflecting surface on front of glass
- magnified image
- distorts |
|
|
Term
| Plane or Flat Surface Mirror |
|
Definition
- reflecting surface on back of glass
- produces double image
- not recommended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Indirect Vision
- Tongue/Cheek retraction
- Indirect Illumination
- Transillumination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- enhance visibility
- improve instrument stabilization
- dry intraoral structures
- deflect gingival tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- painful disorder of wrist/hand caused by compression of median nerve
- caused by poor posture, repeatedly bending hand up/down/side-to-side at wrist and continuously pinch-gripping instruments
- numbness, pain, tingling in thumb/index/middle finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- painful disorder of lower arm/wrist caused by compression of ulnar nerve by bending hand up/down/side to side at wrist and holding little finger away from hand
- numbness, tingling, and/or loss of strength in lower arm/wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- painful disorder of wrist/hand caused by compression of median nerve btwn two heads of pronator teres muscle
- caused by holding lower arm away from body
- numbness, pain, tingling in thumb/index/middle finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - inflammation of tendon of wrist resulting from strain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - inflammation of tendons on side or wrist and at base of thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - disorder of the fingers caused by extending fingers independently of eachother |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- disorder of fingers/hand/wrist as result of compression of brachial nerve plexus
- caused by tilting head forward, hunching shoulders, reaching overhead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - inflammation of muscle tendons in shoulder region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neutral Shoulder Position |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- upper arms hang parallel to long axis of body
- elbows at waist level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- parallel to floor
- pivoting at elbow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- little-finger side lightly lower
- wrist aligned with forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - fluid filled sacs that lubricate and cushion pressure points become inflamed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- preventive
- therapeutic
- educational |
|
|
Term
1. Assessment
2. DH Analysis/Diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
6. Documentation |
|
Definition
| - 6 steps of DH Process of Care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- patient medical history
- comprehensive clinical evaluation
- risk assessment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - identifying existing or potential oral health problems that a DH is qualified/licensed to treat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- establish patient priorities
- set goals
- determine interventions
- define outcomes based on needs/expectations/values/current scientific evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- plan put into action
- delivery of DH services
- minimize risk/optimize health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- reviewing and documenting outcomes of DH care
- progress assessed
- ongoing process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- complete and accurate recording of all data
- complies with HIPPA
- protects confidentiality
- every step of the way |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- continuum of health and disease
- not just the absence of a disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- state of physical/mental/social well being
- positive, proactive approach |
|
|
Term
- periodontal diseases
- dental caries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary Preventive Dentistry |
|
Definition
- efforts to reduce risk or abort onset of disease
- also reverse initial stages to arrest disease before tx becomes necessary |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Preventive Dentistry |
|
Definition
- tx to terminate disease process
- means taken to treat incipient disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- toothbrushing/flossing
- before disease starts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- crowns
- restorations
- therapy
- arrest disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tertiary preventive dentistry |
|
Definition
- replace lost tissue and rehab clients to near function as possible
- surgery, prosthetics, etc |
|
|
Term
| categories of oral disease |
|
Definition
- dental caries
- periodontal diseases
- acquired oral conditions
- congenital/hereditary conditions
- injuries/trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - primary etiologic agent in two oral diseases (dental caries/inflammatory periodontal diseases) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - dense, concalcified complex mass of colonies in a gel-like intermicrobial matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - contains salivary components, bacteria and byproducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- microorganisms other than bacteria bay be found within
- such as mycoplasms, yeasts, protozoas and viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - older = more pathogenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- surfaces observed: F, L, M, D
- used as motivational tool and to track progress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - observe plaque on surfaces long this: |
|
|
Term
- count # of surfaces w/plaque
- determine total # of surfaces available (# of teeth x 4)
- (# surfaces with plaque/ total # of surfaces)x100 |
|
Definition
| - How to calculate the PI score |
|
|
Term
| bass technique of toothbrushing |
|
Definition
- short vibrating strokes
- reposition and repeat
- 45 degree angle into subgingival sulcus
- blanch tissue
- hold brush vertically for lingual anteriors
- slight circular motion on occlusal surfaces |
|
|
Term
| insertion of dental floss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - painful disorder of the wrist and hand, primarily the wrist and thumb, index, middle and half of the ring finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - compression of the median nerve |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome |
|
Definition
| - pain, nocturnal pain, stiffness, numbness, tingling, soreness, loss of strength, cold fingers, increased fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hepatitis means inflammation of the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An artificially generated collection of particles suspended in the air that consists of microorganisms capable of causing infection is termed a(n): |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The primary route for transmission of HCV is fecal oral. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Both the dental professional and the patient should wear protective eyewear during the dental hygiene appointment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Instrument washers are similar to household dishwashers and produce the same heat/temperature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Both the chicken pox and shingles are caused by the same virus termed varicella-zoster. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The incubation period of HIV - 1 Infection is about 15 years or longer from the time of infection to the evident symptoms of AIDS. |
|
|
Term
| between the working end and the handle |
|
Definition
| The shank of an instrument is located: |
|
|
Term
| increases the length of the instrument so the working-end can be positioned on the tooth. |
|
Definition
| The shank of the instrument: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: A neutral wrist position is such that the wrist is aligned with the long axis of the lower arm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neutral wrist position is important for: |
|
|
Term
- the little finger-side of the palm rotated upward
(the little finger-side of the palm should be rotated slightly downward) |
|
Definition
A neutral write includes all of the following except what:
- the wrist being aligned with the long axis of the lower arm
- the little finger-side of the palm rotated upward
- fingers held in a rounded shape
- and the palm open and relaxed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A painful disorder of the fingers due to injury of muscles of the thumb and fingers, caused by extending the fingers independently of each other and exhibits numbness, pain, and loss of strength in the fingers best describes: |
|
|
Term
| brachial nerve plexus and vessels. |
|
Definition
| Thoracic outlet is caused by compression of the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rotator cuff tendinitis creates pain in the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _______ effects the lower arm or wrist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: It would be rude to ask the patient to turn his/her head during treatment and therefore should be avoided. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The operator's head position should be tilted between: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| With the modified pen grasp, the finger which rests on the tooth is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which mirror reflecting surface is on the back surface of the mirror lens producing a double or ghost image? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following creates a double image:
- front surface
- concave mirror
- plane or flat surface |
|
|
Term
| helps to guide the working end and feels vibrations transmitted from the working-end to the shank |
|
Definition
| Using the modified pen grasp to hold an instrument, the middle finger serves to: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The middle finger rests lightly on the _____ and guides the working end as well as feels vibrations which are transmitted from the working end. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: A neutral hand position for the operator is holding the hand so the thumb-side of the palm is rotated down therefore, the palm is parallel to the floor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The correct position for the hand is having the little finger-side of the palm slightly _____ than the thumb-side of the palm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Tenosynovitis is a painful inflammation of the tendons on the side of the wrist and at the base of the thumb. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symptoms include pain in the wrist, especially on the outer edges of the hand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using the O'Leary Plaque Index (P.I.) and recording 4 surfaces of each tooth a dental hygienist examines 10 teeth. Four tooth surfaces show visible plaque at the cervical area (gumline). What is the P.I.? |
|
|
Term
| - Lingual, Facial, Distal, Mesial |
|
Definition
| The Plaque Indices (Sillness and Loe and the O'Leary) assess plaque along the gingival margin of all of the following surfaces of the tooth: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The Dental Hygiene Process of Care is the rote performance of clinical procedures that are the same for all patients. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ______ is a sequence of actions that are continuous in nature and require RDHs to critically think about the individual needs of the patient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During which phase of the DH Care Planning process is the plan put into action? |
|
|
Term
| record the presence of plaque and aid in patient education. |
|
Definition
| The purpose of the O' Leary Plaque Index is to: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Silness and Loe P.I. assesses the: thickness of plaque |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The intial Medical History, Dental Charting, Periodontal Charting, Extra/Intraoral Examination, and Vital Signs are part of which component of the Dental Hygiene Process of Care? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: there is no difference between waxed and unwaxed dental floss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The "cleaning stroke" with dental floss is a back and forth motion. |
|
|
Term
back and forth
up and down |
|
Definition
| A(n) ______ motion is used to get the floss between the teeth and past the contact area, but a(n) ____ motion is used for cleaning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: During the Bass Technique of toothbrushing bristles of the brush are angle toward the incisal edge of the teeth at a 45 degree angle |
|
|
Term
| plaque removal adjacent to and directly beneath the gingival margin |
|
Definition
| The purpose of the Bass technique of toothbrushing is to: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The line that sometimes is visible and is located between the free and attached gingiva is called the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which periodontal probe has markings at 3, 6, 9 and 12 mm? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the working-end of an instrument moves in an apical direction, the instrument is being moved toward _________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The part of the tooth covered by enamel is the clinical crown. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The part of the tooth covered by enamel is the anatomical crown and the part of the tooth visible in the mouth is the clinical crown. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of the tooth covered by enamel is the ____ crown and the part of the tooth visible in the mouth is the ____ crown. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and attaches the roots of the teeth to alveolar bone is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which type of stroke is used with the periodontal probe? |
|
|
Term
| keep the tip of the probe under the gingiva at all times. |
|
Definition
| a bobbing or walking stroke is used to: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The line separating the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During the modified pen grasp where are the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand located? |
|
|
Term
- hold the instrument at the handle
- rests on oral tissues |
|
Definition
| The thumb and index finger are used to _____. The ring finger _____. |
|
|
Term
| FGM, epithelial attachment |
|
Definition
Periodontal probing measures from the ____ to the _____.
Question 9 answers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For the purposes of periodontal probing the tooth is divided into ___ areas (the deepest reading in each area is recorded). |
|
|
Term
1. facial
2. lingual
3. mesialfacial
4. mesiallingual
5. distalfacial
6. distallingual |
|
Definition
| Name the 6 areas that you divide the tooth when periodontal probing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medical waste regulations for dental offices include all of the following except what:
- local authorities
- state government
- intraoffice officials
- federal government |
|
|
Term
| Michigan Medical Waste Regulatory Act/1990 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, cradle to grave |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- any solid waste generated in dx, tx or immunization of humans/animals or testing biologicals
- only small amount infectious and need to be regulated |
|
|
Term
1. Sharps
2. Pathological (extracted teeth)
3. liquid (blood or saliva)
4. microbiological
5. animal research waste |
|
Definition
| 5 categories of medical waste: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - items that have contact with blood or other body secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - gloves, masks, disposable gowns, bibs, used gauze with saliva and blood, used barriers and covers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- subset of medical waste capable of causing infectious disease
- blood/blood saturated materials
- pathological waste (tissue/extracted teeth)
- used sharps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- infectious waste that requires special handling, neutralization and disposal
- according to federal/state/local law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- waste capable of having poisonous effects
- organic solvents, cleaning solutions, acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- waste posing a risk or peril to humans or environment
- does not have to be infectious
- extracted teeth with amalgam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
of all medical waste generated ___% is infectious.
- 3%
- 30%
- 60%
- 90% |
|
|
Term
- blood/blood products
- pathological (teeth/tissue)
- sharps |
|
Definition
| regulated waste in the dental office includes: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
which of the following is considered to be contaminated waste, but not regulated?
- bloodstained gauze
- used needle
- patient bib
- a/c only
- all of the above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
which of the following is considered to be contaminated waste and is regulated?
- bloodstained gauze
- used needle
- patient bib
- a/c only
- all of the above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: extracted teeth may be disposed of in a sharps container. |
|
|
Term
- neutralize human tissue w/autoclave
- teeth are exempt if deemed non-infectious |
|
Definition
| Disposal of pathogenic waste |
|
|
Term
- w/o amalgam can be autoclaved
- disinfect with tuberculocidal claim
- regulated |
|
Definition
| disposal of extracted teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ waste is either flammable, toxic, reactive or corrosive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - flash point of 140 degrees fahrenheit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - farmful through inhalation, ingestion or absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - materials that react with other materials to create a fire, explosion or volatile toxic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - highly alkaline or acidic |
|
|
Term
| common dental office materials considered hazardous waste |
|
Definition
| - amalgam, used fixer, used developer, glutaraldehyde, phenolic disinfectants, chemical vapor sterilizer solution, lead foil, ehtanol, formaldehyde |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the preferred method of disposal is: |
|
|
Term
- amalgam
- lead foil
- silver recovered from x-ray solution |
|
Definition
| dental office waste that can be recycled |
|
|
Term
1. handle
2. segregate
3. store |
|
Definition
| step by step management of waste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - pain in shoulder muscle |
|
|
Term
| (distance from FMG to epithelial attachment) 5mm |
|
Definition
| the buccal surface of tooth #14 measures 5mm from the FGM to the epithelial attachment. The measurement from the FGM to the MGJ on the outer surface of the gingiva is 8mm. The FGM is positioned 2 mm coronally from the CEJ. What is the probing depth in mm? |
|
|
Term
| (FGM --> MGJ measured on outside - probing depth = measurement of attached gingiva) 8mm - 5mm = 3 mm |
|
Definition
| the buccal surface of tooth #14 measures 5mm from the FGM to the epithelial attachment. The measurement from the FGM to the MGJ on the outer surface of the gingiva is 8mm. The FGM is positioned 2 mm coronally from the CEJ. what is the measurement of attached gingiva in mm? |
|
|
Term
(probing depth + FGM [coronal- or apical+]= AL)
5mm + (-2mm) = 3mm |
|
Definition
| the buccal surface of tooth #14 measures 5mm from the FGM to the epithelial attachment. The measurement from the FGM to the MGJ on the outer surface of the gingiva is 8mm. The FGM is positioned 2 mm coronally from the CEJ. what is the clinical attachment level (AL)? |
|
|
Term
| FGM is coronal to CEJ = negative number |
|
Definition
| the buccal surface of tooth #14 measures 5mm from the FGM to the epithelial attachment. The measurement from the FGM to the MGJ on the outer surface of the gingiva is 8mm. The FGM is positioned 2 mm coronally from the CEJ. Is the measurement recorded in the recession row negative or positive? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- oral mucosa that surrounds teeth
- protects underlying tissues of teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- bone of mandible and maxilla
- surrounds roots of teeth for protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fibrous connective tissue
- attaches roots of teeth to underlying alveolar bone
- contains sharpey's fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - bundles of collagen fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- can only see in disease
- mineralized connective tissue
- covers external roots of teeth
- attachment for periodontal fibers
- seals dentinal tubules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- surrounds/encircles tooth
- most coronally positioned gingiva
- 1/2mm wide cuff around neck of tooth
- external wall of gingival sulcus
- keratinized
- not attached to tooth
- extends apically to free gingival margin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- demarcates marginal and attached gingiva
- shallow V shape linear indentation
- seldom present (1/3 in health)
- often corresponds to bottom of gingival sulcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- crevice between free gingiva and tooth
- inner = tooth
- outer = sulcular epithelium
- in health = shallow, average 1.8mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- continuous with marginal gingiva
- tightly bound to underlying bone
- various surface textures/colors/consistencies
- keratinized
- dense collagen fibers resist breakdown |
|
|
Term
| MGJ mucogingival junction |
|
Definition
| - demarcates attached gingiva from alveolar mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- movable, loosely attached
- smooth, shiny
- deep pink or dark red
- melanin pigment
- vessels may be seen
- nonkeratinized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- gingiva between teeth
- occupies embrasure space (area apical to contact) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- connects facial and lingual papillae
- depression between facial and lingual interdental gingiva
- center is not keratinized
- susceptible to disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- covers out surface of marginal and attached gingiva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- thin, nonkeratinized
- lines gingival sulcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- continuous with sulcular epithelium
- completely encircles tooth (cuff-like band)
- near CEJ in health
- epithelial attachment to tooth
- nonkeratinized
- triangular in cross section/narrows to a few cells at apical end
- attachment to tooth is epithelial attachment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- light, secure pressure
- used to locate calculus
- relaxed grasp
- many, long overlapping strokes |
|
|
Term
| scaling or working stroke |
|
Definition
- moderate to heavy pressure
- used to remove deposits
- firm grasp
- few, short, controlled overlapping strokes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- measures:
sulcus/pocket depth
topography of junctional epithelium
attachment level
bleeding tendency
size/depth oral lesions
mucogingival relationships
detect subgingival calculus
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- curved probe to examine furcations
- does not measure sulcus/pocket depth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- color coded/alternating color bands
- thin
- 3, 6, 9 and 12 mm markings
- estimate too much |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- thick end
- no marking for 4 or 6 mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- thin end
- 3, 6, 8 mm markings |
|
|
Term
| michigan O w/williams markings |
|
Definition
- thin end
- no marking for 4 or 6 mm
- used at UDM/NERB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ readings with a periodontal probe on each tooth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when probing, start at ____ of most posterior tooth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| __ - __ grams of pressure while probing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| - over 50% of the gingiva |
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Term
|
Definition
| - deviate from generalized condition |
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Term
|
Definition
| - refers to free gingiva only |
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Term
|
Definition
| - refers to only the papillae or interdental gingiva |
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Term
|
Definition
| - includes free and attached gingiva and possibly alveolar mucosa |
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Term
|
Definition
| - healthy gingiva is this color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - this color identifies disease in gingiva |
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|
Term
| color descriptors of gingiva |
|
Definition
- pink
- erythematous
- cyanotic
- physiological pigmentation |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - bleeding begins to fill sulcus/pocket |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - bleeding fills sulcus/pocket and spills out |
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: forensic dentistry refers to a dentolegal science in which dental facts are related and applied to legal problems. one example would be to use dental records to identify the dead. |
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: all patients with total joint replacement must have antibiotic prophylaxis due to a possible bacteremia. |
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|
Term
| after a complete personal, dental and medical history |
|
Definition
| periodontal probing is an essential part of patient assessment. this process should be performed: |
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: medical conditions that require antibiotic prophy prior to dental and dental hygiene care include: 1. prosthetic cardiac valve 2. previous endocarditis 3. certain congenital heart disease and 4. cardiac transplantation recipients with cardiac valvular disease |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - process by which calculus forms |
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Term
|
Definition
| - and endotoxin derived from the cell walls of g(-) pathogens |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - a molecule that consists of carb and protein |
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Term
|
Definition
| - type of bacteria that is usually first seen in 2-4 day old biofilm |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - visible remnants of meal found on teeth |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - loosely adherent mass of bacteria and cellular debris visible to the naked eye |
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Term
|
Definition
| - type of bacteria usually found in 1-2 day old biofilm |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - g(-) motile s shaped bacteria that populate 7-14 day old biofilm |
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Term
|
Definition
| - dental researcher who proposed the specific plaque theory |
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Term
|
Definition
| - tenacious acellular film |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - the average number of days it takes for a soft deposit to change into a calcified mass |
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Term
|
Definition
| - dental researcher that discovered that gingivitis in man was reversible |
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Term
|
Definition
| - dense, non-mineralized complex mass of microorganism |
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Term
| soft, nonmineralized dental deposits |
|
Definition
- acquired pellicle
- microbial dental biofilm
- materia alba
- food debris |
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Term
| hard, mineralized dental deposit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- amorphous
- translucent
- acellular
- organic (glycoproteins from saliva and sulcular fluid)
- precursor to biofilm |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- protective barrier to tooth
- libricant
- nidus (breeding ground) for bacteria
- attachment for calculus |
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Term
|
Definition
- dense, nonmineralized complex mass of bact
- filmy, sticky, slimy
- contains mycoplasms, protozoa, yeast, virus
- adheres to acquired pellicle
- etiologic agent of PDD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 80% water
- 20% organic/inorganic
- 70% of those above is bacteria |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - accumulation of this leads to unpleasant aesthetic appearance and halitosis |
|
|
Term
1. acquired pellicle forms (adherence phase)
2. bacteria selectively attach to acquired pellicle (lag phase)
3. bacteria multiply and colonize (rapid growth phase)
4. biofilm matures (steady state) |
|
Definition
| list the 4 stages of dental biofilm formation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- aerobic, g(+) cocci
- epithelial cells
- collected mass begins forming gooey matrix |
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Term
|
Definition
- bacterial mass thickens
- g(+) rods, some filamentous appear |
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Term
|
Definition
- filamentous increase
- spirochetes begin to appear |
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Term
|
Definition
- spirochetes and vibrios increase
- WBCs and RBCs increase
- inflammation observed
- anaerobes
- signs of PDD
- g(-) move in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- maturation stage of biofilm, steady state
- spirochetes and vibrios dominate
- gingivitis clinically evident |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - mostly g(=) motile rods and spirochetes found in this environment |
|
|
Term
1. tooth surface attaches biofilm
2. unattached biofilm
3. subgingival associated biofilm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
biofilm is a major etiological agent of all of the following except which:
- gingivitis
- caries
- periodontal infections
- subgingival calculus |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - demonstrated that gingivitis is reversible condition |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- determined that specific bacteria in plaque cause disease
- aka specific plaque theory |
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Term
| materia alba and food debris |
|
Definition
- loosely adherent found on top of biofilm
- impedes assessment of oral cavity
- can be removed w/water or rinsing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- mineralized dental biofilm
- can be supra or sub gingival
- most frequently found lingual of mand ant and facials of max molars |
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Term
|
Definition
1. pellicle formation
2. biolfilm maturation
3. mineralization
- takes about 12 days |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - isolated pieces of calculus |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - ridge of calculus running parallel to gingival margin |
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Term
|
Definition
| - smooth coating of calculus |
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Term
|
Definition
| - long, narrow deposit of calculus running parallel or obliquely to long axis of tooth |
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|
Term
| "Big four" questions to ask during health history |
|
Definition
- heart condition
- allergies
- infectious diseases
- medications (dosage/type/significance to dental procedure) |
|
|
Term
| limited physical examination methods |
|
Definition
- visual
- palpation
- instrumentation
- percussion
- electrical test
- auscultation |
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|
Term
| components in a medical history |
|
Definition
- limited physical examination methods
- health history questionnaire
- dialogue history |
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Term
| health information patient privacy act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antibiotic regimens for adults |
|
Definition
- Amox 2 grams 30-60 minutes before procedure
- or clindamycin 600 mg
- or cephalexin 2 grams
- or arithromycin/biaxin 500 mg |
|
|
Term
| antibiotic regimens for children |
|
Definition
- Amox 50 mg/kg 30-60 minutes before procedure
- or clindamycin 20 mg/kg
- or cephalexin 50 mg/kg
- or arithromycin/biaxin 15 mg/kg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: all dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or perforation of oral mucosa call for antibiotic prophylaxis of patients with infective endocarditis. |
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Term
| false, it is no longer an indication anymore |
|
Definition
| t/f: bleeding is an indication to whether you should give antibiotics to a patient with infective endocarditis. |
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Term
| false, no evidence shows this |
|
Definition
| T/f: it has been shown that topical antiseptics have benefit for patients with infective endocarditis. |
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Term
| false, none of the describes conditions receive IE prophylaxis |
|
Definition
T/F: The following conditions are recommended for IE prophylaxis:
- heart murmur
- rheumatic heart disease
- bicuspid valve disease
- congenital heart conditions |
|
|
Term
| baseline vital signs interpretation |
|
Definition
- blood pressure
- pulse
- temperature
- respiration
- smoking history
- height and weight |
|
|
Term
| normal blood pressure (JAMA) |
|
Definition
| - <120 Syst and <80 Diast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - 140-159 systolic or 90-99 diastolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ASA physical status classification system |
|
Definition
I. normal healthy patient
II. mild to moderate systemic disease
III. severe systemic disease disabling but not incapacitating
IV. severe systemic disease disabling to incapacitation
V. moribund patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - patient interviewed, health history questionnaire signed and dated (applies to new and current histories) |
|
|
Term
| second/succeeding appointments in treatment series |
|
Definition
- patient must be questioned regarding any changes in health history since previous visit
- health history questionnaire signed/dated |
|
|
Term
| angiotensin-converting enzyme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hematocrit and hemoglobulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| partial thromboplastin time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| return to clinic as necessary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - use antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
| principles of antibiotic prophylaxis |
|
Definition
- theoretically sound
- scientific evidence based
- benefit/risk favorable
- cost effective |
|
|
Term
| dental procedures that cause bacteria to get in circulation |
|
Definition
- scaling, root planing
- extraction
- prophy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- heart valve replacement
- endocarditis
- special cases of artificial joints |
|
|
Term
| infective endocarditis (IE) |
|
Definition
- destruction of heart valve or endocardium
- caused by infective agents such as bacteria that lodge on valves/endocardium |
|
|
Term
| viridans group streptococci |
|
Definition
| - most common bacteria found in blood cultures after dental procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for cardiac pacemakers or coronary artery stents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: antibiotic prophy is recommended for special cases of hip and knee replacements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- patient in upright position
- explanation of procedures
- teach patient to refrain from eating, drinking or smoking 15 minutes before |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| both false, highest at pm, lowest during sleep |
|
Definition
T/F: temperature is highest during sleep. temperature is lowest in the evening.
- both t
- both f
- t/f
- f/t |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| starvation, hemorrhage, physiologic shock will _____ temperature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infection, dehydration and hyperthyroidism will ____ temperature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - will hold reading until shaken down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- blunted end
- 1 degree above oral normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- commonly used for pulse
- thumb side of wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- used for BP and during infant CPR
- medial aspect of antecubital fossa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- used during adult CPR
- lateral aspect of neck next to trachea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| t/f: you record rate, rhythm and character of the pulse. |
|
|
Term
| normal adult respiration rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normal child respiration rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- highest number
- pressure during ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- lowest number
- during ventricular relaxation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- difference between systolic/diastolic
- <40 = normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- most common health problem in US
- sign of unhealthy condition, not disease entity
- major cause of stroke, heart attack/disease
- related to artery disease and renal disease |
|
|
Term
| primary/essential hypertension |
|
Definition
- 90% of cases
- causes is unknown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 10% of cases
- cause can be identified
- associated with major underlying diseases/disorders
- kidney, adrenal or pituitary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- no risk factors
- no target organ disease or clinical cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- at least 1 risk factor not diabetes
- no target organ disease or CV disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- target organ disease or CV disease or diabetes
- presence or absence of other risk factors |
|
|
Term
| rising systolic pressure/systolic hypertension |
|
Definition
| - significant factor in causing strokes and heart disease after age 50 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- occipital headache
- confusion
- dizziness
- stupor |
|
|
Term
| wrist/radial BP measurement |
|
Definition
| - up to 10-20 mmHg greater than brachial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - up to 30 mmHg greater than brachial |
|
|
Term
| maximum inflation level (MIL) |
|
Definition
| - palpatory systolic pressure + 20-30 mmHg |
|
|
Term
| phase I (systolic) of korotkoff sounds |
|
Definition
- first sound
- sharp, thumping |
|
|
Term
| phase II (auscultatory gap) of korotkoff sounds |
|
Definition
| - soft swishing or silence |
|
|
Term
| phase III of korotkoff sounds |
|
Definition
| - return of sharp tapping |
|
|
Term
| phase IV of korotkoff sounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phase V (diastolic) of korotkoff sounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- temporary lack of sound
- occurs later in part of phase I to II or phase III
- occurs especially in severe hypertensiveness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- phase V = missing
- sound heard down to zero (diastolic recorded at last distinct sound)
- caused by large amount of blood distends partially collapses artery quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- calcium and phosphate salts
- contributes to PDD (but not etiologic agent)
- promotes retention of plaque
- not mechanical irritant
- reservoir for bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - minerals from saliva for _____ calculus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - minerals from gingival crevicular/sulcular fluid for ____ calculus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- white, yellow, gray or stained
- must dry to see
- lingual of mand ant
- direct examination
- facial of max molars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- frequently found on proximal surfaces below contact areas
- extends beneath FGM to base of pocket
- tactile sensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - used to detect calculus, anatomical defects, cemental irregularities, dental caries, demineralization or dental restoration contours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- orban #17
- shepherd's hook
- ODU/gracey-type/EXD 11/12
- CH3/cowhorn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- single ended
- 2mm tip at right angle to terminal shank
- deep narrow pockets
- poor on line angles
- better on direct facial/lingual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- single ended
- short rigid shank
- not for calculus detection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- double ended, paired working ends
- calculus detection
- sulcus, shallow pockets
- short, broadly curved terminal shank
- universal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- paired double ended
- calculus detection
- perio pockets
- universal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - last bend before working end |
|
|
Term
| correct working end while working on posterior teeth with explorer |
|
Definition
- tip distal under contact
- terminal shank parallel
- curved tip wraps around mesial |
|
|
Term
| correct working end while working on anterior teeth with explorer |
|
Definition
- same end of instrument for all near
- switch for far surfaces
- tip wraps around surface being instrumented |
|
|
Term
| activation of posterior teeth |
|
Definition
- begin at distal line angle
- proceed to distal interproximal
- move in direction of tip
- same tip used from distal line angle to buccal/lingual into mesial interproximal |
|
|
Term
| activation of anterior teeth with explorer |
|
Definition
- use working end that hugs tooth
- strokes begin midfacially into far proximal
- back to midfacial into near proximal (different tip) |
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|
