Term
| Chicken Pox - Name and incubation |
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Definition
| Varicella Zoster, 10-21 days |
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Term
| Shingles - Name and incubation |
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Definition
| Herpes Zoster, years after chic pox virus |
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Term
| Legionaire's Disease - Name and incubation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Measles - Name and incubation |
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Definition
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Term
| German Measles - Name and incubation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2-6 months, 10% enter carrier state |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the Liver |
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Term
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Definition
fatigue, mild fever, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort
5-56% of those infected with Hepatitis caused by virus…develop jaundice |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hep A and Hep E are transmitted through... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of Hep B goes undiagnosed |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-responders of the Hep B vaccine means.... |
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Definition
| 4% do not form antibodies. doesn’t mean antibodies aren’t there, it might just not show up on the titer tests because they aren’t completely accurate |
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Term
| Titer test for Hep B should be done... |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of people form antibodies to Hep B after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd injection? |
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Definition
1st injection: 30% form antibodies
2nd injection: 75% form antibodies
3rd injection: 96% form antibodies |
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Term
| What are 6 Risk Groups for HBV? |
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Definition
Health care workers
Household contacts of chronically infected persons
Persons with multiple sex partners
Male homosexuals
Injection drug users
Infants born to infected mothers
Also...
Populations with high incidence of the disease: refugees from Africa, Eastern Asia, Middle East and Haiti, Alaskan natives and Pacific Islanders
Military personnel stationed outside the US
More HBV Risk Groups
Inmates of long-term correctional facilities
Morticians and embalmers
Blood bank workers |
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Term
| How many Americans are infected with Hep C annually? |
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Definition
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Term
How many Hep C infections are symptomatic?
How many Hep B infections are ASYMptomatic? |
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Definition
25 to 30% of Hep C infections are symptomatic.
30% of Hep B infections are ASYMptomatic. |
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Term
| How many Hep C infections progress to chronic liver disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
IV drug users
Hemodialysis patients
Health care workers
Sexual contact with infected persons
Multiple sex partners
Recipients of transfusions before 1992
Infants born to infected mothers
Cocaine use |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many ppl develop chronic liver disease from Hep D? versus just having Hep B? |
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Definition
| 70-80% develop chronic liver disease (6-10% HBV alone) |
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Term
| Is the medical history review an adequate tool to assess a patient’s history of infectious diseases? |
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Definition
| No. Patient may not know they have it. Prodronal Symptoms are the same for most diseases. |
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Term
| when do TB symptoms begin to appear? |
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Definition
| 6-9 months after infection |
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Term
| Dental masks cannot block TB, how do we protect ourselves? |
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Definition
| aerosolization: highspeeds, air/water syringe, ultrasonic device |
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Term
| How many are infected with TB worldwide? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| have a positive skin test, do not have active TB, and cannot infect others, but are at risk of developing active TB. 90% of cases remain latent with no progression to active disease |
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Term
| A positive TB skin test means there was past infection, present infection, or _____________ |
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Definition
| BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccination |
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Term
| TB transmission must..... |
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Definition
| …must have repeated, prolonged, indoor air contact with persons suffering from TB |
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Term
| Places you can get TB (4) |
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Definition
Public health clinics
Correctional facilities
Homeless shelters
Nursing homes |
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Term
| How do you treat TB (latent and active) |
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Definition
| 6-9 months of daily antimicrobial drugs |
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Term
| What is the cure rate if treated correctly from TB? Why is compliance low? |
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Definition
| 100%; because the patient doesn't remember to take meds, or they feel better so they stop |
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Term
| Due to low compliance, what new strand of TB has developed? |
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Definition
| Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) |
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Term
| **AIDS will develop in how many persons infected with HIV? |
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Definition
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Term
| Major route of HIV transmission worldwide is |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 most affected world regions for HIV? |
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Definition
| Sub-Saharan Africa, S/SE Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe/Central Asia |
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Term
| How many T4 cells are in a normal adult? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Sexual contact
Exposure to infected blood
Transplacental
Breast feeding |
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Term
| What are the 2 HIV tests? |
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Definition
| ELISA & Western Blot. ELISA detects antibodies and Western Blot is more sensitive and used to confirm a positive ELISA test. |
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Term
| Viruses are also called _______ _________ parasites |
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Definition
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Term
| Viruses can carry DNA? RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the cycle viruses use to replicate |
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Definition
| Lytic Cycle. genetic material from the virus takes over the metabolic machinery of the host cell to produce new viruses. Host cell lyses (bursts) |
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Term
| What are the shapes of bacteria (4) |
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Definition
| Cocci (round), Bacilli (rod), Spirilla (spiral), pleomorphic |
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Term
| One of the most resistant life forms against heat, drying and chemicals |
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Definition
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Term
| Used as biological monitors for sterilizers and liquid sterilants |
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Definition
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Term
| diseases caused by fungi are termed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Candidiasis
Althlete’s foot
Ringworm |
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Term
| Found in soil and water, Cause human diseases such as amebic dysentery, malaria, sleeping sickness |
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Definition
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Term
| Prions are ______ _______ _______ |
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Definition
| proteinaceous infectious particles |
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Term
| most resistant to disinfectants |
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Definition
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Term
| Prion Associated Diseases |
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Definition
neurodegenerative, destroys brain tissue
Mad Cow disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
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Term
| 113-158F (hot) used to test heat sterilizers |
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Definition
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Term
| 71-113F with optimal growth at body temp of 98.8F |
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Definition
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Term
| 33.8-71.6F (cold) can grow in a refrigerator |
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Definition
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Term
Acidophiles prefer a pH of...
examples? |
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Definition
| pH of 2-5, stomach and pickled foods |
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Term
| These prefer a pH of above 8.5, inside the intestines... |
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Definition
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Term
| require oxygen of 20% or more to survive |
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Definition
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Term
| can tolerate oxygen (4% or less) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What organism can survive lack of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Goal of Infection Control (3) |
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Definition
Personal protective equipment
Barriers
Eliminating pathogenic organisms through disinfection and sterilization |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease caused by a microorganism (i.e. bacteria, virus, prion, fungus) |
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Term
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Definition
| microoganism that causes an infectious disease |
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Term
| What's the difference between endogenous and exogenous? |
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Definition
| Endogenous=normal organism in / on the body. Exogenous=organism found outside the body |
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Term
| microorganisms that cause disease only when given a special opportunity to enter the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measure or degree of pathogenicity or the ability to cause disease…related to numbers of pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| transmitted from person to person |
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Term
| A pathogen does not cause disease in a _______ but that pathogen can be transmitted to others. |
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Definition
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Term
| rapid onset, rapid recovery |
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Definition
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Term
| slow onset, lasts a long time |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Constantly present in a population
disease never dies out completely
i.e. malaria in Africa. Flu in America |
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Term
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Definition
Greater than normal number of cases of a disease in a particular population
i.e. Legionnaires' disease, hantavirus |
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Term
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Definition
World wide epidemic
i.e. Spanish flu, HIV/AIDS |
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Term
| Name the 6 parts of the Chain of Infection |
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Definition
Infectious Agent→Reservoir→Portal of Exit→Mode of transmission→portal of entry→susceptible host
IRPMPS |
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Term
the Source of infection
Can be bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa or prion |
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Definition
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Term
| causative agent's permanent place to reside |
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Definition
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Term
| Modes of Transmission (5) |
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Definition
Direct contact: direct physical contact with infectious agent- touching, kissing, biting
Airborne: agent is inhaled
Bloodborne: infected blood enters host
Ingestion: eating or drinking
Indirect contact: pathogen is on an inanimate object such as a toilet seat or door knob etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Inhalation
Ingestion
Broken skin
Mucous membranes |
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Term
| Susceptibility of Host depends on ... (5) |
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Definition
Number and specific types of pathogens
Duration of exposure
General physical condition of host
Occupation
Age |
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Term
| What are the 2 host defense mechanisms? |
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Definition
1. Innate Host Defenses
2. Immune System |
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Term
| Name 4 Innate Host Defenses |
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Definition
Physical barriers
Chemical barriers
Antimicrobial chemicals
Phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrochloric acid in stomach, enzymes, interferon etc |
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Term
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Definition
action of secretions such as
saliva & tears, excretions such as urine and sticky mucus that traps inhaled organisms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| phagocytes the “clean-up-crew” engulf and destroy the microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| immune system functions properly |
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Term
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Definition
| immune system cannot respond appropriately to a challenge. |
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Term
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Definition
| antibody-generating substance |
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Term
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Definition
Activated by Antigen
Antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies
Antibodies multiply, destroy or interfere with pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
Active Acquired Immunity
Artificial Active Immunity
Congenital Passive Immunity
Passive Immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| Results from actually contracting the disease |
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Term
| Artificial Active Immunity |
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Definition
| Achieved after administration of vaccines. Takes a while to mount an immune response… usually about 2 weeks |
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Term
| Weakening the pathogen is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Vaccines prepared from weakened pathogens are referred to as |
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Definition
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Term
| Congenital Passive Immunity |
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Definition
| Antibodies pass from mother to developing fetus through placental wall. Exogenous. short term (6-12 months) |
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Term
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Definition
| Administration of antibodies from an immune person to a susceptible person. Temporary Protection-because the antibodies are not actively produced by the patient. antibodies taken from the blood of many immune people |
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Term
| 4 Stages of an Infectious Disease |
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Definition
1. Incubation stage
2. Prodromal stage
3. Acute stage
4. Convalescent stage -OR- Death |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathogens have multiplied to large enough numbers to cause the first symptoms of disease. Symptoms are the same for many infectious diseases* |
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Term
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Definition
Number of pathogens is declining
Still can transmit disease |
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Term
| About 1% of the worlds population has been displaced by war and moved into poverty-ridden camps where______ deaths are caused by infectious diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| Top 3 microbial killers worldwide are |
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Definition
| HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria |
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Term
HIV is considered an _________disease.
TB and malaria are considered _________ diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| Flu strains categorized according to 2 proteins found on the surface of the virus… |
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Definition
1. Hemagglutinin (H)
2. Neuraminidase (N) |
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Term
| Next pandemic is believed to be.... |
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Definition
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