Term
| Who wrote the article about Explanations for the development of the Japanese economic miracle and what was it called? |
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Definition
| Roger Goodman - 'Culture as Ideology' |
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Term
| What are the 3 jewels of the Japanese employment system? |
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Definition
1) life-time employment
2) seniority promotion
3) company unionism |
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Term
| where was the Japanese economic system founded? |
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Definition
| In feudal Japan, in particular in the organization of the local community of the household. |
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Term
| Who wrote the Clash of Civilizations? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Samuel Huntington describe a 'civilization' |
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Definition
As a cultural entity - villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups all have distinct levels of cultural heterogeneity.
*** A civilization is the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species. Defined both by common objective elements, such as language, history, relgion, customs, institutions, and by the subjective self-identification of people. |
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Term
What are the subcivilizations of Western civilization?
What about Islam? |
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Definition
European and North American
Arab, Turkic, and Malay |
|
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Term
| What are the 7 or 8 major civilizations? |
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Definition
| Western, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic-Orthodoc, Latin American and possibly African |
|
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Term
| Why will civilizations clash? |
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Definition
1) differences among civilizations are not only real, they are basic - differentiated by history, language, culture, tradition, and religion.
2) The world is becoming smaller - interactions between peoples of different civilizations are increasing --> this intensifies civilization consciousness and awareness of differences and commonalities WITHIN civilizations
3) economic modernization and social change throughout the world are separating people from longstanding local identities - nation state identity is also weakened - fundamentalist religion steps in to fill this gap
4) The growth of civilization consciousness is enhanced by the dual role of the West. A return to the roots phenomenon is occurring among non-Western civilizations against the dominance of Western power. A de-westernizatino and indigenization of elites is occurring in many non-western countries at the same time as American cultures and styles are becoming popular among the mass of the people.
5) cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and hence less easily compromised and resolved than political and economic ones. aka in conflicts between civilizations the question is 'what are you?' not 'whose side are you on?' - you can change your political views but not your ethnicity kind of thing. You can also not have dual religiousness etc.
6) Economic regionalism is increasing |
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Term
| What 2 levels does the class of civilizations occur on? |
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Definition
1) Micro level- adjacent groups along the fault lines between civilizations struggle over the control of territory
2) Macro level - states from different civilizations compete for relative military and economic power, struggle over the control of international institutions and third parties and competitively promote their particular political and religious values. |
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Term
| What does Huntington assert is the most significant dividing line in Europe? |
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Definition
| the Velvet Curtain of culture |
|
|
Term
| Who wrote the Clash of Civilizations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Samuel Huntington describe a 'civilization' |
|
Definition
As a cultural entity - villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups all have distinct levels of cultural heterogeneity.
*** A civilization is the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species. Defined both by common objective elements, such as language, history, relgion, customs, institutions, and by the subjective self-identification of people. |
|
|
Term
What are the subcivilizations of Western civilization?
What about Islam? |
|
Definition
European and North American
Arab, Turkic, and Malay |
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 or 8 major civilizations? |
|
Definition
| Western, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic-Orthodoc, Latin American and possibly African |
|
|
Term
| Why will civilizations clash? |
|
Definition
1) differences among civilizations are not only real, they are basic - differentiated by history, language, culture, tradition, and religion.
2) The world is becoming smaller - interactions between peoples of different civilizations are increasing --> this intensifies civilization consciousness and awareness of differences and commonalities WITHIN civilizations
3) economic modernization and social change throughout the world are separating people from longstanding local identities - nation state identity is also weakened - fundamentalist religion steps in to fill this gap
4) The growth of civilization consciousness is enhanced by the dual role of the West. A return to the roots phenomenon is occurring among non-Western civilizations against the dominance of Western power. A de-westernizatino and indigenization of elites is occurring in many non-western countries at the same time as American cultures and styles are becoming popular among the mass of the people.
5) cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and hence less easily compromised and resolved than political and economic ones. aka in conflicts between civilizations the question is 'what are you?' not 'whose side are you on?' - you can change your political views but not your ethnicity kind of thing. You can also not have dual religiousness etc.
6) Economic regionalism is increasing |
|
|
Term
| What 2 levels does the class of civilizations occur on? |
|
Definition
1) Micro level- adjacent groups along the fault lines between civilizations struggle over the control of territory
2) Macro level - states from different civilizations compete for relative military and economic power, struggle over the control of international institutions and third parties and competitively promote their particular political and religious values. |
|
|
Term
| What does Huntington assert is the most significant dividing line in Europe? |
|
Definition
| the Velvet Curtain of culture |
|
|
Term
| Who wrote the Clash of Civilizations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Samuel Huntington describe a 'civilization' |
|
Definition
As a cultural entity - villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups all have distinct levels of cultural heterogeneity.
*** A civilization is the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species. Defined both by common objective elements, such as language, history, relgion, customs, institutions, and by the subjective self-identification of people. |
|
|
Term
What are the subcivilizations of Western civilization?
What about Islam? |
|
Definition
European and North American
Arab, Turkic, and Malay |
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 or 8 major civilizations? |
|
Definition
| Western, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic-Orthodoc, Latin American and possibly African |
|
|
Term
| Why will civilizations clash? |
|
Definition
1) differences among civilizations are not only real, they are basic - differentiated by history, language, culture, tradition, and religion.
2) The world is becoming smaller - interactions between peoples of different civilizations are increasing --> this intensifies civilization consciousness and awareness of differences and commonalities WITHIN civilizations
3) economic modernization and social change throughout the world are separating people from longstanding local identities - nation state identity is also weakened - fundamentalist religion steps in to fill this gap
4) The growth of civilization consciousness is enhanced by the dual role of the West. A return to the roots phenomenon is occurring among non-Western civilizations against the dominance of Western power. A de-westernizatino and indigenization of elites is occurring in many non-western countries at the same time as American cultures and styles are becoming popular among the mass of the people.
5) cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and hence less easily compromised and resolved than political and economic ones. aka in conflicts between civilizations the question is 'what are you?' not 'whose side are you on?' - you can change your political views but not your ethnicity kind of thing. You can also not have dual religiousness etc.
6) Economic regionalism is increasing |
|
|
Term
| What 2 levels does the class of civilizations occur on? |
|
Definition
1) Micro level- adjacent groups along the fault lines between civilizations struggle over the control of territory
2) Macro level - states from different civilizations compete for relative military and economic power, struggle over the control of international institutions and third parties and competitively promote their particular political and religious values. |
|
|
Term
| What does Huntington assert is the most significant dividing line in Europe? |
|
Definition
| the Velvet Curtain of culture |
|
|
Term
| What is 'kin-country' syndrome? |
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Definition
| When groups or states belonging to one civilization become involved in war with another civilization, they naturally try to rally support from other members of their civilization - it is replacing political ideology and traditional balance of power considerations as the principal basis for cooperation and coalitions. |
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Term
| What is the central axis of world politics in the future likely to be? -Huntington |
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Definition
| The conflict between the West and the Rest |
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Term
| What are 3 possible responses from non-western civilizations to western power and values? |
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Definition
1) pursue a course of isolation - North Korea/Burma
2) attempt to join the west and accept its values and institutions
3) modernize but not to westernize - developing economic and military power and cooperating with other nonwestern societies against the west while preserving indigenous values and institutions |
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Term
| What is the only civilization to successfully modernize but not westernize according to Huntington |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| one where the leaders typically wish to pursue a bandwagoning strategy and to make their county a member of the west, but the history, culture and traditions of their countries are non-western. - Turkey, Mexico, Russia |
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Term
| What 3 requirements must a torn country meet to redefine its civilization identity? |
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Definition
1) its political and economic elite must be generally supportive of and enthusiastic about the move
2) its public has to be willing to acquiesce in the redefinition
3) the dominant groups in the recipient civilization have to be willing to embrace the convert
Mexico has all 3, turkey has first 2, Russia has like onoe. |
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Term
| What is the biggest challenge to the west? |
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Definition
| The biggest challenge to the West will come from an emerging Confucian-Islamic connection, primarily concentrated around the asserted right to develop and deploy NBC weapons (counter to the western value of non-proliferation) |
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Term
| What should the west do to maintain power? |
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Definition
| “The West must exploit differences and conflicts among Confucian and Islamic states to support in other civilizations groups sympathetic to Western values and interests. To strengthen international institutions that reflect and legitimate western interests and values, and to promote the involvement of nonwestern states in those institutions.” |
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Term
| How does Bernard Lewis view the 'Clash of Civilizations' hypothesis? |
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Definition
“It should be by now clear that we are facing a
mood and a movement in Islam far transcending the level of issues and policies and the governments that pursue them. There is no less than a clash of civilization. The perhaps irrational, but surely historical receptions, of an ancient rival against our Judeo-Christian heritage, our secular present and the world-wide expression of both, it is crucially important that we, on our side, should not be provoked into an equally historic, but also equally irrational reaction against our rival.” |
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Term
| What does Said think about the 'Clash of Civilizations' hypothesis? |
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Definition
-it is orientalist - sees civilizations as monolithic and homogenous and unchanging
- duality b/w Us and Them |
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Term
Some argue that this view of Clash
- prolongs and deepens conflict
- mobilizes nationalist passions and therefore murderousness
BUT |
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Definition
- ignoring it is naive. civilizations are different and ignoring these differences and will lead to further problems if conflict arises because of them.
- we instead should recognize and deconstruct these differences and then lay them out on the table to we can all be on the same page. |
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