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        | A group's formal and informal means of enforcing its norms. |  
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        | Either expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or disapproval for violating norms. |  
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        | The violation of norms (rules or expectations). |  
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        | Durkheim's term for a condition in society in which people become detached from the norms that usually guide thier behavior. |  
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        | Edwin Sutherland's term to indicate that people who associate with certain groups learn an "excess of definitions" of deviance, increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant |  
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        | The view that the labels that people are given affect their behavior into either deviance or conformity. |  
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        | Which sociologist devised the concept of differential association? |  
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        Term 
        
        | When someone acts according to others' perceptions about that person this is called: |  
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        | Self-fullfilling prophecy. |  
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        | When the rules and norms of behavior are confused, sociologists call this an: |  
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        Term 
        
        | Muir's study of rugby players was designed to learn: |  
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        Term 
        
        | Lombroso stated that criminals could be identified by: |  
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