Term
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Definition
| Durkheim’s term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. |
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Term
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Definition
Going along with one’s peers— individuals of our own status who have no special right to
direct our behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society’s norms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. |
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Term
| Differentiated Association Theory |
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Definition
| Proposed by Edwin Sutherland that holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to deviance that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants while others engaged in the same behavior are not. |
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Term
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Definition
Compliance with higher authorities in a
hierarchical structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who pursues crime as a day‐to‐day occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a certain degree of status among other criminals. |
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Term
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Definition
| A penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm. |
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Term
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Definition
The techniques and
strategies for preventing
deviant human behavior in
any society. |
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Term
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Definition
A label used to
devalue members of
certain social groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| Illegal acts committed by affluent, “respectable” individuals in the course of business activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| use of illegal means to achieve goal |
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Term
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Definition
| goal rejected - person goes through the motions without believing in the process |
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Term
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Definition
| both means and goals are rejected |
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Term
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Definition
| new set of goals and means are substituted |
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Term
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Definition
| occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person's lifestyle or self-concept secondary deviance |
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Term
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Definition
| process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status - if the victim is less valuable, the crime is less serious -> penalty is less severe |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes |
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Term
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Definition
| discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts |
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Term
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Definition
| keeping criminals in prisons |
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Term
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Definition
| an attempt to resocialize criminals |
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Term
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Definition
| repetition of or return to criminal behavior |
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