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| According to the social/symbolic interactionalist perspective and sociologist Charles Cooley, we present themselves to others as we believe others expect us to be, a course of action called |
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Definition
| the lookin glass perspective |
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| norms and values of the United States are based on |
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Definition
| the teachings of John Calvin |
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| The characteristics that we have developed for ourselves that have been developed through hard work and study are referred |
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| Using sociological terminology, Dr. Watterworth’s status of being a “super white guy” would be considered |
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| Some norms that are shared by societies are helpful in that they direct us in carrying out our day-by-day lives so we can exist in harmony. These norms are often not a matter of life or death, but simply understood “rules of conduct.” These low-impact norms are called |
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| Looking at life as a sociologist, we see that humans are the product of the forces around us that form us into the individuals we are, establishes the values and norms we believe in, and provides us with our self-identity, a phenomenon referred to as |
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| When sociologists (thanks to Max Weber) talk about various aspects of society in general terms so that they can address broad concepts without dealing with individual details they are using a kind of shorthand known as |
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| Emile Durkheim’s study of suicide rates revealed that in France the people who are most likely to commit suicide are |
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| In order to get a sense of how a social group functions and feels about themselves, their lives, and society, a social researcher would be best off |
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Definition
| employing qualitative research techniques, |
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Term
| followers of John Calvin believe that when people are born their destination after death, Heaven or Hell, is determined regardless of what they do throughout their lives, an idea known as |
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| The primary cause of bankruptcy filings in the United States is |
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Definition
| a downturn in the country's economy |
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| According to Emile Durkheim, sometimes when society goes through rapid social change such as a depression or war, people experience anomie or |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Emile Durkheim, sometimes when society goes through rapid social change such as a depression or war, people experience anomie or |
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| According to lecture, conflict perspective might say that the apparent pitting groups like men and women or poor blacks and whites in competition against one another |
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Definition
| serves the interest of the ruling class |
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Term
| The sociological perspective or paradigm that is illustrated by Killing Us Softly, Three, with its discussion of how we try to live up to images projected by advertising and the media is called |
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| According to Kai Erikson, at times when a criminal who has served his or her term in prison returns to their community, it is assumed they will commit another crime and go back to prison and, in fact, many times they do. This process can be understood using Robert Merton’s idea |
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| Barbara Costello writes in her essay “Against Relativism: A Harm-Based Conception of Deviance” that the major problem with the sociology of deviant behavior is that it rests too heavily on an assumption |
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Term
| According to the essay written by Alex and Druann Maria Heckert, students in prestigious, selective schools such as Harvard or Yale, are an example of |
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Definition
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| The primary point Emile Durkheim makes in his essay, “The Normal and the Pathological” is that crime is both necessary and useful in society |
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Term
| Richard Quinney’s “Social Power: Conflict Theory of Crime” maintains that actions are defined as crimes |
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Term
| Crime, according to Sutherland and Cressey’s essay, “Differential Association,” |
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Definition
| is learned much the same way as all ordinary behavior |
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Term
| The type of research conducted by the Adlers as described in the article, “Researching Dealers and Smugglers,” |
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Definition
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Term
| of the problems the Adlers confronted with their research, one was not |
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Definition
| problems maintaing their database on their personal computers |
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Term
| order for the Adlers to get people to participate in their study |
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Definition
| it was necessary to develop trust |
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Term
| As discussed in the introduction to Part IV, the Adlers point out that Howard Becker suggested that we call people who “make” deviance by drawing on the power and resources of organizations, institutions, agencies, symbols, ideas, commutation, and audience |
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Definition
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Term
| The Adlers describe the process by which rule enforcing is brought about in society. The first step is to generate a broad awareness of a problem; the second is to |
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Definition
| to bring about a moral conversion |
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Term
| The idea of differential social power includes the notion that a deviant definition can be applied to a social status or lifestyle. When entire groups can be dubbed with a deviant status, the basis for this understanding is often based on |
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Definition
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Term
| In his essay, “The Social Construction of Drug Scares,” Craig Reinarman states that the first and most significant drug scare in the US was over |
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Definition
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| t or f.In discussing culturally specific theory of drug scares, Reinarman notes that drug scares have been far less common and less virulent in societies other than the US |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Tuggle and Holmes’ essay, “Blowing Smoke, Status Politics and the Smoking Ban,” the underlying assumption of the theory of status politics is that |
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Definition
| deviance is socially constructed |
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Term
| Tuggle and Holmes’ use of the theory of status politics in examining public attitudes regarding smoking is based on the assumption that |
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Definition
| denouncing smoking symbolically enhances the status of moral entrepreneurs |
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Term
| In their essay “The Cyberporn an Child Sexual Predator Moral Panic,” Potter and Potter note that the urban mythology surrounding cyberpron is essentially focused on |
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Definition
| a middle-class moral panic |
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Term
| T or F. Devah Pager’s essay “The Mark of a Criminal Record” makes the point that our “crime control” may in fact exacerbate the conditions that lead to crime in the first place |
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Term
| In William Chambliss’ essay, “The Saints and the Roughnecks,” the group who actually were the most delinquent boys at Hanibal High School were |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Elijah Anderson’s essay, “The Police and the Black Male,” there are differences in the ways that Black citizens contrast the “local” police and the “downtown” police. One characteristic of “downtown” police is that they |
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Definition
| are more likely to use excessive force |
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Term
| In “Homophobia and Women’s Sport” Blinde and Taub observe that women who are varsity collegiate athletes are considered |
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Definition
| to be in violation of traditional gender norms |
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Term
| T or F. Blinde and Taub make the point that women athletes have been quite successful in resisting the negative stereotyping associated with the perception of pervasive lesbianism in sports |
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Definition
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Term
| The movie Buying the War depicted the run-up to the Iraqi War, showing the way moral crusaders presented their case as outlined by various politico-moral entrepreneurs and professional interest groups via a largely complicit news media, a process Reinarman refers to as |
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Definition
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Term
| When there was a perception of increased drug use in the 1960s, the penalties for drugs were lowered when a specific group became associated with their use, the |
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Definition
| white, working class adults |
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Term
| Whitebread maintains that the single law most responsible for reducing drug addiction in the US was |
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Definition
| Pure food and drug act of 1906 |
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Term
| Henry Anslinger, the head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, was instrumental in the passage of laws outlawing marijuana. In this role he was |
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Definition
| acting as a moral entrepreneur |
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Term
| In order for a theory to be useful to criminologists in understanding and dealing with deviance it must have all of the following qualities except |
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Definition
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Term
| Historically, it could be said of the supernatural or demonic school of crime, |
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Definition
| punishments were severe in order to drive the devil from society |
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Term
| Cesare Beccaria based his ideas stated in his essay “On Crimes and Punishment” (1764) on the idea that basic human nature causes people |
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Definition
| to be greedy and self-centered, |
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Term
| T or F. According to the Classical School justice is equal for all regardless of their rank or status, something that is always true for the justice system in the US today. |
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Definition
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Term
| In order for punishment to be successful, the Classical School believes it must be |
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Definition
| swift, certain, and proportionate |
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Term
| According to the Classical School, if one is punished for a crime it should influence others to not commit that offense. This is called |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Jeremy Bentham, the utilitarian principle or hedonistic calculus states that all social action must be based on |
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Definition
| greatest happiness for the greatest number |
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Term
| The Neoclassical School introduced the idea that factors beyond the control of an individual’s free will should be considered in sentencing him or her for a crime. These are known as |
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Definition
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Term
| In discussing the “born criminal,” Lombroso referred to the phenomenon of people being born who were a throwback to a more primitive type as |
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Definition
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Term
| Both Cesare Lombroso and Enrico Ferri agreed that there were different “criminal types” which included all of the following except the |
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Definition
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Term
| William Sheldon believed that there is a relationship between body build and temperament. The type he described as being active, assertive, and most likely to be delinquent is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The idea that evolution can be socially engineered by eliminating people judged inferior from the gene pool and encouraging people with valued attributes to reproduce is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| of the following is not a characteristic of a psychopath/sociopath |
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Definition
| a strong sense of empathy |
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Term
| Merton believed that most everyone in society believes in the importance of same three goals |
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Definition
| money, power, prestige/status |
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Term
| According to Merton’s Modes of Adaptation, most people believe in both the goals of society and the legitimate means by which they can be achieved. In this respect, most people are |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Matza’s Drift Theory, juvenile delinquents |
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Definition
| are much like their law-abiding friends |
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Term
| Travis Hirsch’s four outer dimensions of social bonding, the most important is |
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Definition
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Term
| In Robert Regoli and John Hewitt’s Differential Oppression Theory, the cause of delinquency is attributed to |
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Definition
| the oppression of children by adults |
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Term
| In his essay, “Labeling Theory,” Howard Becker states that the central fact about deviance is that |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Joel Best’s “Deviance: The Constructionist Stance,” the constructionist perspective represents a wedding of the views of |
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Definition
| labeling and control theories, |
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