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Definition
Endomorphs - Fat, round, short arms/legs, relaxed, comfortable, extroverted softies
Mesomorphs - Athletic, active, assertive, aggressive, more likely to participate in delinquency
Ectomorphs - Skinny w/ lean/fragile bodies, introverted, oerly sensitive, concerned w/ health |
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Born criminals
Insane criminals
Occasional criminals
Passion criminals |
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| Charles Murray and Richard Hernstein |
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Definition
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1748-1832
Only give up bare minimum of freedoms - anything more is tyranny
Law is blind - to rank/class - "equal justice"
Actions not intentions determine punishment
Laws are fixed - Judges can't modify
Crimes = Breaches of social contract |
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| nature and extent (some believe too strong can be as dangerous as too weak - punishment is a tricky area) |
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1738-1794
Discussed what punishment, laws, etc should be - Inspired founding fathers of US and declaration of independence |
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Correlation between what you are and how you act
1.Eliminate people
2.Eliminate those who don't represent the gene pool - The Nazis/Genocide/Holocaust - Sterilize mentally ill/disabled |
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Merton - Goals that everyone strives for: Money, power, prestige
Ability to reach goal-depends on ascribed status
Modes of adaptation |
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(drug dealers)
Goals: +
Means: - |
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Goals: Go with the flow
Means: Go with the flow |
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Goals: -
Means: -
Homeless, drug attics |
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Goals: +/-
Means: +/-
Dont buy goals/means in society so develop new goals&means to get to the goal |
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Definition
Middle class measuring rod:
Imp. of ambition
Indiv. responsibility
Imp. of skills/tangible achievements
Imp. of industry&thrift
Imp. of rationality
Imp. of cultivating manner/courtesy
Control physical violence
Don't waste your time
Respect for private property |
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Differential opportunity - Not everyone has the same access
Will/or could resort to: Crime, conflict, or retreat |
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| Differential Association Reinforcement Theory |
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Definition
Burgess & Akers
Belief that deviant behavior is socially learned through intimate relationships |
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1957
Most theft from adolescents from poor neighborhoods
Social disorganization in poor neighborhoods
Education - Prime focus
Good student hangs with other good students - won't deviate (vice versa) |
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1958
Family is the primary variable if kid is deviant
Delinquency is normal for kids
Learn difference between right/wrong as a kid
Still do wrong - Easier |
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Term
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Definition
| Drift theory: People drift back and forth between deviance and normalcy (can be conscious, or unconscious) |
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| Techniques of neutralization |
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Definition
David Matza
Denial of responsibility
Denial of injury
Denial of victim
Condemnation of condemners
Appeal to higher loyalties |
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Definition
Travis Hirschi
Attachments
Committment
Involvement
Belief |
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| Born bad - Rely on control to bring you to sanity/normalness |
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