Term
|
Definition
| unit of hereditary info composed of DNA. Genes direct cell to reproduce themselves and manufacture the proteins that maintain life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a complex molecule with a double helix shape that contains genetic information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, or dna. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cellular reproduction in which the cell's nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells being formed, each containing the same DNA as the parent cell arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm( or gametes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person's genetic heritage, the actual genetic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics such a weight height and hair color. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in some cases one gene of a pair always exerts its effects in other words it is dominant overriding the potentioal influence of the other gene which is know as the recessive . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chromosmally transmitted for of intellectual disablity cause by the presence of an extra copy of chromsome 21 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an extra x chromosome causes physical abnomralties, hormane therapy can be effective, effects 1 in 600 male births |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormality in the x chromosome can cause intellectual disability learning disabilities or short attention span. language therapy and special education is usually sought. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a misssing x chromosome in females can cause intellectual disability and sexual underdevelopment. Hormone therapy in childhood and puberty is sought. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An extra y chromosome can cause above average height. no treatment is required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glandur dysfuction that interferes with mucus production breathing and digestion are hampered resulting in a shortened life span |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body does not reproduce enough insulin, which causes abnormal metabolism of sugar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delayed blood clotting causes internal and external bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central nervous system deteriorates producing problems in muscle coordnation and mental deterioration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metobolic disorder that limits the body's oxygen supply; it can cause joint swelling as well as heart and kidney failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metabolic disoreder that left intreated causes mental retardation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neural tube disorder that caues brain and spine abnormalties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deceleration of mental and physical development caused by an accumalation of lipids in the nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
–Characteristics determined by interaction of several different genes |
|
|
Term
–Passive genotype-environment correlations |
|
Definition
| occur because biological parents who are gentically related to the child provide a rearing environment for the child. example the parent may read well and enjoy reading they provide their child with books and the chill will carry on the tradition. |
|
|
Term
–Evocative genotype-environment correlations
– |
|
Definition
| occur because a child;s characteristics elicit certain types of environments, active smiling children recieve more social stimulation than passive quiet children. |
|
|
Term
–Active genotype-environment correlations |
|
Definition
| occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stumualting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Interaction of a specified measured variation in DNA and a specified measured aspect of the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
–First 2 weeks after conception–
–Formation of Zygote
––Formation of Blastocyst
–Implantation
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•2 – 8 weeks after conception
–Embryo
•Endoderm–
•Ectoderm
–•Mesoderm
–Increased rate of cell differentiation
•Organogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•2 months after conception – birth
–Cell differentiation almost complete
––Fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms at about 18 to 24 days after conception develops out of ectoderm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the production of new neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at approximately 6 to 24 weeks after conception, cells begin moving outward form their point of origin to their appropriate locations and creating the different levels, structures and regions of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sequence in which the earlies growth always occurs at the top-the head with physical growth in size,, weight and feature differentiation gradually working form top to bottom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. |
|
|
Term
| the brain changes during infancy |
|
Definition
| at birth the brain weighs about 25% of its adult weight and by two years it is about 7% of is adult weight, however the brain's area do not mature uniformly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the brain that is furthest from the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it covers the the forebrain like a wrinkled cap, it has two halves or hemispheres. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex of the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a nerve cell that handles information processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries signal away from the neuron;s cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The formation of synapses between neurons as the axons and dendrites grow.
Psychology Dictionary: http://psychologydictionary.org/synaptogenesis/#ixzz2f611kOHD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eliminates weaker synaptic contacts; stronger connections are strengthened. Experience determines which connections are pruned and the ones that have been activated most frequently are preserved. Ineffective or weak connections are "pruned" in much the same way a gardener would prune a tree or bush, creating the desired shape.
Read more http://www.kgbanswers.com/what-is-the-definition-of-pruning-in-psychology-terms/20583099#ixzz2f61ocV5H |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the typical newborn 16 to 17 hours a day, but there is considerable individual variation in how much infants sleep. for newborns, the range is from about 10hours to about 21 hours per day. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the infant's cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched. in response the infant turns its head toward the side that was touched in a apparent effort to find something to suck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ocurs in response to a sudden intense noise or movement, the newborn arches his back throws back its head and flings out its arms and legs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when newborns automatically suck an object suck an object placed in their mouth. this enables them to get nourishment before they even know what a nipple is. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infants preferred to look at patterns rather than at a color or brightness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the nature of intelligence... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in piaget's theory, actions or mental representations that organize knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| piagetian concept of using existing schemes to deal with new info or experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| piagetian concep of adjusting schemes to fit new info and expereinces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| piaget's concept of grouping isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher order more smoothly functioning cognitive system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the piagetian term for understanding that objects and events continue to exist, even when they cannot directly be seen heard or touched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a feeling or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or an interatction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well being... |
|
|
Term
| purpose emotion serves for infants |
|
Definition
| 1 communication with others/ 2 behavioral organization. through emotions, infants communicates important aspects of their lives such as joy, sadness, interest, and fear |
|
|
Term
| age emotions occur for infants |
|
Definition
| emotions that infants express in the first six months of life include surprise, inerest, joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust. other emotions that appear in infancy include jealousy, empathy, embarrasment, pride, shame, and guilt,; most of these occur for the first year or during second year. these later emotion have been called self conscious or other conscious or other conscious emotions because they involve the emotional reactions of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli. it appears during the first month after birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a smile in response to an external stimulus, which early in development, typically is a face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infant's fear and wariness of strangers that typically appears in the second half of the first year of life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cry similar to the basic cry, with more excess air forced through vocal cords |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rhythmic pattern usually consisting of a cry, a briefer silence, a shorter inspiratory whistle that is higher pitched than the main cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sudden outburst of loud crying without preliminary moaning, followed by breath holding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crying when a care giver leaves... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reading emotional cues in other to help determine how to act in a particular situation. the development of social referencing helps infants interpret ambiguous situations more accurately, as when they encounter a stranger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual's behavorial style and characteristic way of responding emotionally |
|
|
