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| Kids see the world with words, images, and drawings. |
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| Child can perform operations that involve objects, and they can reason logically about specific or concrete examples. |
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| Beyond Concrete experiences and involves abstract and logical thinking. |
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| Three kinds of temperament |
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Definition
1. Easy
2. Difficult
3. Slow-to-warm-up |
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1. Securely Attached
2. Insecure Attached
3. Insecure Resistant
4. Insecure Disorganized. |
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| Inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective. |
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| Centering of attention on one characters to the exclusion of all others. |
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| The belief that inanimate objexts have life-like qualities and are capable of action. |
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| Vygotsky's Social Constructivits Approach |
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Definition
| Emphasizes the social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction. |
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| Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) |
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| Vygotsky's term for the range of tasks that are too difficult for the child to master alone but that can be learned with guidance and assistance of adults or more skilled children. |
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Term
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Definition
Changing the level of support.
(A teacher or advanced peer adjusts the amount of guidance to fit the child's current performance.) |
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Definition
| The sound system of a language, including the sounds taht are used and how they may be combined. |
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Definition
| The units of meaning involved in word formation. |
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Definition
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| Social and Psychological dimensions of being male or female. |
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Definition
| Sense of being male or female. |
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| Sets of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, act, and feel. |
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| Contrasting roles of women and men. |
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| Restrictive, Punitive style demanding obedience and respect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Encourages independence but still places limits and controls. |
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Definition
| Parent is very uninvolved in the child's life. |
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Definition
| Highly involved with but place few demands or controls. |
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Definition
| Pleasurable activity that is engaged in for its own sake. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals that have a severe impairment in their ability to read and spell. |
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| Attention Deficity Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |
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Definition
| Children who show inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity often. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Difficulty in math computation. |
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Definition
| Disorders are characterized in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces one correct answer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces many different answers to the same question and characterizes creativity. |
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| Analytical Intelligence(Sternberg) |
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Definition
| Ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare and contrast. |
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| Creative Intelligence(Sternberg) |
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Definition
| Ability to create, design, invent, originate and imagine. |
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| Practical Intelligence(Sternberg) |
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Definition
| The ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice. |
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Term
| Gradner's Eight Types of Intelligence |
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Definition
1. Verbal
2. Mathematical
3. Spatial
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic
5. Musical
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalists |
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Term
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Definition
| Global evaluations of the self; self-worth or self-image. |
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Term
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Definition
| Domain-Specific evaluations of the self. |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes. |
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Definition
| Deliberate efforts to manage one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts that lead to increased social competence and achievement. |
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Definition
| Industry Versus Inferiority |
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Definition
| The presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stepfather, Stepmother, and Blending or Complex |
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Definition
| Children who use the key to their home to let themselves in after school while their parents are still at work. |
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Definition
| Describes the extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Popular Children, Neglected Children, Rejected Children, Average Children, and COntroversial Children. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learner-Centered approach that emphasizes the importance of indiuduals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher. |
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| Direct Instruction Approach |
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Definition
| Structured, Teacher-centered approach charachterized by teacher direction and control, high expectations for students' progress, maximum time spent by students on academic tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes. |
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Term
| Three Leading Causes of Death in Adolescences |
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Definition
| Accidents, Homicide, and Suicide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursute of thinness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heightened self-consciousness of adolescents |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving from being the oldest, biggest and most powerful to being the youngest, smallest and least powerful students. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identity Versus Identity Confusion |
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| Marcia's Four Statuses of Identity |
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Definition
| Identity Diffusion, Identity Foreclosure, Identity Moratorium, Identity Achievement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enduring aspect of the self that includes a sens of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adolescents identify in some ways with their ethnic group and in other ways with the majority culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ceremony or ritual that marks an individaul's transition from one status to another. |
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Definition
| Absorption of thenic minority groups into the dominant group. |
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Definition
| Coexistence of distinct ethnic and cultural groups in the same society. |
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| Four Problems that affect most adolescents. |
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Definition
1. Drug abuse
2. Juvenile Delinquecy
3. Sexual Problems.
4. School-related Problems |
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Term
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Definition
| A coherent set of ideas that helps to explain data and to make predictions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assertions or predictions, often derived from theories, that can be tested. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt |
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Definition
| A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development. |
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Term
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Definition
| A manipulated, infuential experimental factor.(Experimental Group) |
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Term
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Definition
| A factor that can change in an experiment, in responses to independent variable. (Control Group) |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are; attention-getting behavior motivated by desire to be noticed, visible, and "on stage." |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or invulnerability). |
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Term
| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) |
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Definition
| A person's mental age divided by chronological age and multipled by 100. |
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