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Developmental Psych -- Stan's
Chapters - 15-18
37
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/14/2007

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Cards

Term
Erikson's Seventh Stage of Development
Definition
Generativity v. Stagnation

When middle-aged adults find meaning in helping younger people.

Generativity:sense of making a valuable contribution
Term
Mid-Life Crisis
Definition
-started in the 1960's
-usually hits people in their 40's
Term
Role
Role Strain
Role Conflict
Definition
role - content of a social position
role strain - strain experienced by a person who doesn't have the skills, experience do measure up to the demands of their role
role conflict - two or more roles conflict (mother v. business woman)
Term
Changes in Relationships in Middle Adulthood
Definition
- family roles are still important
- marriage stability/satisfaction increases in mid-life due to skilled diplomacy
skilled diplomacy - an approach to solving problems that involves the confrontation of the spouse about an issue, followed by a period during which the confronting spouse works to restore harmony (more used by wives)
Term
Sandwich Generation
Definition
Taking care of both children and aging parents.
Term
Grandparenting Styles
Definition
Remote - Do not see grandchildren often
Companionate - frequent contact and interaction
Involved - closely involved with daily life and have personal ties with them
Term
Caring for Aging Parents
Definition
- adults feel a great sense of responsibility to aging parents
- 1/4 of family members aged 45-54 provide unpaid care to elderly parents
- 12% of people over 65 who have adult children live with them
Term
Caregiver Burden
Definition
- a term for the negative effects of caring for an elderly/disabled person
- women are more likely to be involved in care giving of elder persons
- if a son is unmarried he is more likely to take on the role than a married sister
- if both son/daughter are involved, they share equally
- caregivers with help and support networks are less likely to feel negative effects
Term
Frienships in Middle Adulthood
Definition
- fewer friends
- intimate and close
- social role conflicts are less
- friendships depend less on frequent contact
Term
Mid-Life Career Issues
Definition
- Work satisfaction is at it's peak
- Quality of work remains high
- Men tend to see work less and less as their only fulfillment
- Women get their most rapid work advancement
-
Term
Mid-Life Unemployment/Career Transitions
Definition
Involuntary Career Changes - people who change careers b/c of external reasons(skills obsolete, laid off, jobs eliminated)
Voluntary Career Changes - choosing a new career path b/c of internal reasons
Term
Preparing for Retirement
Definition
- gradual reduction in workload
- Baby Boomers: length of retirement will be greater
:nest eggs are in the stick market
: most expect to work for at least part-time during retirement
Term
Gerontology
Definition
- scientific study of aging
Term
Characteristics of the Elderly Population
Definition
- life expectancy increases as adults get older
: the average 65 year-old-man will live to 82, but once he reaches his mid-80's, he is likely to live until 90
: 65-year-old-women will live to 87, but cna expect to live over 92
Term
Sub-Groups of the Elderly
Definition
Young-Old= 60-75
Old-Old=75-85
Oldest-Old=85+ (fastest growing population in Canada)
- majority of these regard their health as good/excellent
Term
Alzheimer's Disease & Other Sources of Mental Confusion
Definition
- irreversible, degenerative condition is the most common cause of dementia

- can come from illnesses, infection, metabolic disturbances and drug intoxications
- little of cognitive impairment is reversible
-
Term
Functional Status
ADL
IADL
Definition
-measure of ability to perform certain roles/tasks (self-help/chores of daily living)
-ADL- self help tasks: bathing, dressing, using toilet
-IADL-housework, cleaning, managing money

-diseases most likely to interfere with phsyical tasks = arthritis/hypertension
Term
Changes in the Brain/Nervous System in the Elderly
Definition
4 Changes in the Brain
- reduction of brain weight
- loss of grey matter
- loss of density in the dendrites
- slower synaptic speed
- loss of neurons
-
Term
vision changes in the elderly
Definition
- farsightedness
- enlarged blind spot, reduced field of vision
- pupils don't work as well
-
Term
hearing changes in the elderly
Definition
- presbycusis - major hearing loss
- difficulties in word discriminations
- problems hearing under noise conditions
- tinnitus:persistent ringing in ears
Term
smell, taste, touch changes in the elderly
Definition
- ability to taste 4 basics does not lesson
- less saliva
- smell deteriorates
- loss of sensitivity to touch
- less responsive to cold/ heat
Term
Terminal Drop Hypothesis
Definition
- mental and physical functioning decline drastically only in the few years before death
Term
Behavioural Effects of Physical Changes in the Elderly
Definition
-general sense of slowing down
-sleep changes: wake up frequently during the night
:slow decrease in rem sleep
:more likely to wake up early and go to bed early
: nap more
- reduction in stamina, dexterity and balance
- adults fall more often & have problems with fine-motor movements
-70% of seniors still have sex
Term
Alzhemier's Disease
Definition
- severe form of dementia, cause unknown
- genetic factors come into play
- damage is not reversible
- preventative measures include iron and cholesteral reduction
Term
Multi-Infarct Dementia
Definition
- caused by one or more strokes
- 2-8% of adults over 65 show significant symptoms of dementia
Term
Institutionalization of the Elderly in Canada
Definition
- The average older adults will spend a few years with a disability or a chronic disease
- 7% of adults require institutionalization
-
Term
Depression in Older Adults
Definition
- may be dismissed as grumpiness
- may be mistaken as dementia
- suicide rate is slightly below the national average
Term
Memory Changes in the Elderly
Definition
-Older adults outperform younger adults on prospective memory tasks in a natural setting, but under-perform on such tasks when in a controlled laboratory setting where there are no external memory cues, such as a calendar or reminder note
- learning process takes longer
-
Term
Experience of Death
Definition
- is a process rather than a phenomenon
-3/f of deaths occur in hospitals or care facilities
Term
hospice care
Definition
holistic approach
- death should be viewed as normal
- patient/family should be encouraged to prepare for death
- family should be involved in patient's care
-
Term
palliative care
Definition
focuses on relieving pain rather than curing diseases
Term
Child/Adolescents View of Death
Definition
pre-school aged children do not understand that death is irreversible, comes to everyone, and is a cessation of all function
- school aged children understand the permanence and university of death
- adolescents understand the finality of death and that it is inevitable
Term
Meaning of Death in Early Adulthood
Definition
unique invulnerability - idea that bad things only happen to others
-
Term
Meaning of Death in Middle/Late Adulthood
Definition
- death changes the roles of everyone in the family and bring permanent change
- individualus think of time as "time until death" rather than "time since birth"
- the most pervasive meaning of death is one of loss
Term
Fear of Death
Definition
Stems from 6 essential things
–The finality of death
–The uncertainty of what follows
–Annihilation anxiety or fear of non-existence
–The ultimate loss
–Fear of the pain and loneliness in dying
–Fear of failing to complete life work
Term
Fear of Death (Religious)
Definition
- people who are deeply religious or completely nonreligious report no fear of death
- the most fearful are those uncertain about religion
Term
Process of Dying
Definition
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
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