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Developmental Psychology - Test 1
Introduction, Biological Beginnings, Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy, and Socioemotional Development in Infancy
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
09/20/2012

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Term
Prenatal Period
Definition
Tremendous growth - from a single cell to a full organism
Term
Early Childhood
Definition
learn to become more self-sufficient and to care for themselves. Develop readiness skills and spend many hours playing with peers.
Term
Middle to Late Childhood
Definition
fundamental reading, writing, and arithmetic skills mastered. Formally exposed to world outside family and prevailing culture. Achievement becomes central and self-control increases.
Term
Adolescence
Definition
10 to 12 it begins. Ends 18-22 years. rapid physical changes. The pursuit of independence and an identity is prominent. Thought is more logical, abstract, and idealistic. More time spent outside the family.
Term
Early Adulthood
Definition
Time for establishing personal and economic independence, career development, and selecting a mate,
Term
Middle Adulthood
Definition
40-60 years of age. Expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility. Assisting the next generation in becoming competent, mature individuals. Reaching and maintaining satisfaction in a career.
Term
Late Adulthood
Definition
60 until death. Life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles involving decreasing strength and health. Longest period.
Term
Freud's Theory
Definition
Psychoanlysis.
Psychoesxual development.
Term
Oral Stage
Definition
pleasure centers on mouth. birth to 1.5 years.
Term
Anal Stage
Definition
pleasure focuses on anus. 1.5 to 3 years.
Term
Phallic stage
Definition
pleasure focuses on genitals. 3 to 6 years.
Term
Latency Stage
Definition
repressed sexual interest and developing social and intellectual skills. 6 years to puberty.
Term
Genital Stage
Definition
time of sexual reawakening. Puberty onward.
Term
Erikson's Theory
Definition
Psychosocial stages.
Motivation is social and reflects a desire to affiliate with other people. Basic personality is shaped in the first five years of life.
Term
Trust versus mistrust
Definition
Trust in infancy sets the stage for a lifelong expectation that the world will be a good and pleasant place to live. First year of life.
Term
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Definition
Late infancy and toddlerhood. Begin to discover that their behavior is their own. Start to assert their sense of independence.
Term
Initiative versus guilt
Definition
Preschool years. Face new challenges that require active, purposeful, responsible behavior.
Term
Industry versus inferiority
Definition
Elementary School years. Children need to direct their energy toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills.
Term
Identity versus identity confusion
Definition
Adolescent years. Individuals face finding out who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.
Term
Intimacy versus isolation
Definition
Early adulthood. Face the task of forming intimate relationships.
Term
Generativity versus stagnation
Definition
Middle Adulthood. a concern for helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives.
Term
Integrity versus despair
Definition
Late adulthood. Reflection of the past.
Term
Piaget's Theory
Definition
Cognitive Developmental Theory
Term
Sensorimotor Stage
Definition
Birth to 2 years. Coordinating sensory experiences with physical, motor actions.
Term
Preoperational stage
Definition
2-7 years. Represent the world with words, images, and drawings.
Term
Concrete operational stage
Definition
7-11. Children can perform operations that involve objects. Can reason logically about specific or concrete examples.
Term
Formal Operational Stage
Definition
11-15. Move beyond concrete experiences and think in abstract and more logical terms.
Term
Vygotsky's Theory
Definition
Sociocultural Cognitive Theory.
Emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.
Term
Information Processing Theory
Definition
Individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it.
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