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Definition
| A study of how psychological functions develop throughout the course of the human lifespan |
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Founder of cultural-historical psychology
The "great-we" |
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| Founder of constructivist psychology |
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| Stable period of environmental mastery |
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Definition
"Crisis" stage
Period of radical, rapid change |
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Definition
cut umbilical cord
blood flow through heart changes direction
new sources of oxygen and nutrition |
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Definition
first contact with other people
beginning of relationship with caregivers
parents' expectations meet reality |
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Definition
dependent on other for food, shelter
breathing, suckling, crying |
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Definition
when an infant gets used to a stimulus and stops paying attention
(*when an infant shows attention after the stimulus is changed) |
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| Difference in Neonatal Parasitism |
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Definition
endoparasitism to exoparasitism
(nourishment is the product of another body) |
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Definition
| the possibility for a newborn to develop into anything its culture so desires |
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Definition
ability to distinguish phonemes
preference for native language |
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Definition
slightly blurred at birth
color vision by 2 months
distinguish patterned stimuli from plain
preference for facelike stimuli |
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Definition
| finely developed from birth |
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Term
| Primary Intersubjectivity |
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Definition
| infants show strong responsiveness towards others and will act out to get attention |
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Definition
6-24 weeks after conception
rapid buildup of synaptic connections among neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| synaptic connections are chipped away to make the brain more efficient |
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Term
Stages of Brain Growth During Infancy
(Order Matters) |
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Definition
Birth of Neurons and Glial Cells
Myelination
Formation of Dendrites
Growth of Axons
Exuberant Production of Synapses
Synaptic Pruning |
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Term
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Definition
| a simple test concluding that when an object is hidden various times, an infant will check the first place it was hidden first |
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Definition
| the idea that an object does not simply disappear when it is moved out of sight |
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Definition
brain, behavior, and environment operate together
motor activity is tuned to the features of the environment, actively searching for sensory information, and activity flows seamlessly forward |
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Term
Schema
Assimilation
Accomodation |
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Definition
structured ways of responding to the environment
existing schema applied to new objects and events
schema are modified to apply to both old and new situations |
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Term
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Definition
| balance between the schema of assimilation and accomodation |
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Definition
the infant has not psychologically separated itself from its caretaker
maximally social |
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Definition
Phonetics
Words
Sentences
Utterances |
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Definition
single utterances signifying full sentences
i.e. "water", "up", "bottle" |
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A study comparing children of 2, 4, and 6 on the same task has a design that is:
a. longitudinal
b. cross-sectional
c. theoretical
d. observational |
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humans = computers
nature provides hardware and software
nurture provides data |
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Definition
| nature and nurture are equal |
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Definition
| culture mediates biology and the environment |
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Definition
| every psychological function appears on both interpersonal and personal planes |
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Definition
Biological Evolution
Cultural Evolution
Child Development |
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Term
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Definition
3-4mya
first hominids
bipedal
social groups |
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Definition
1.8mya
first of "homo" genus
manufactured tools |
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Definition
1.8-1.4mya
first exclusively bipedal hominid
first to colonize Eurasia
fire and shelters
cooperative groups
made new tools |
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Term
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Definition
800k-300k
common ancestors from Neanderthal and homo sapiens |
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Definition
300k-30k
brain is larger than ours
buried their dead |
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Definition
200k-present
cave paintings
tools with blades |
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Definition
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Definition
| The child must discover what is being referred to by the adult. |
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| Overextensions and Underextensions |
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Definition
| Applying a label too broadly and narrowly (respectively) |
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Definition
| child's labels are less specific than adult's |
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Term
Three Responses with Baby Research
(Fourth for Pattern) |
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Definition
Secure
Avoidant
Resistant
Disorganized |
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