Term
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Definition
| a part of adaptation in which old schemas are replaced with new ones to adapt to the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of building schemes through direct interaction with the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| part of adaptation in which external world is interpreted through current schemes |
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Term
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Definition
| long lasting representations of personally meaningful one-time events from both the recent and the distant past |
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Term
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Definition
| repetition of consonant-vowel combinations in long strings, beginning around 6 months of age |
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Term
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Definition
| the conscious part of working memory, directs the flow of info through the mental system by deciding what to attend to, coordinating incoming information with information already in the system, and selecting, applying and monitoring strategies |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of language used by adults to speak to infants and toddler, consisting of short sentences with high-pitched, exaggerated expression, clear pronunciation, distinct pauses between speech segments, and repetition of new words in a variety of contexts. |
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Term
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Definition
| in piaget's theory, a means of building schemes in which infants try to repeat a chance event caused by their own motor activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| pleasant vowel-like noices made by infants beginning around 2 months of age. |
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Term
| core knowledge perspective |
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Definition
| a perspective that states that infants are born with a set of innate knoweldge systems, or core domains of thought, each of which permits a ready grasp of new, related information and therefore supports early, rapid development of certain aspects of cognition. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to remember and copy the behavior of models who are not present. |
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Term
| expressive style of language learning |
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Definition
| a style of early language learning in which toddlers use language mainly to talk about their own and others' feelings and needs, with an intitial vocabulary emphasizing social formulas and pronouns. |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability of most older children and adults to remember events that happened before age 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| a score that permits an individual's performance on an intelligent test to be compared to the performances of other individuals of the same age. |
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Term
| intentional (goal directed) behavior |
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Definition
| a sequence of actions in which schemes are deliberately coordinated to solve a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| a state in which the chold and the caregiver attend to the same object or event and the caregiver comments verbally about what the child sees. |
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Term
| language acquisition device |
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Definition
| Chomsky's theory, an innate system containing a universal grammar, or set of rules common to all languages, that enables children, no matter which language they hear, to understand and speak in a rule-oriented fashion as soon as they pick up enough words |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest store area in memory, containing our permanent knowledge base. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of play in which children act out everyday and imaginary activities |
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Term
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Definition
| an internal depiction of information that the mind can manipulate, including images and concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| procedures that operate on and transform information, increasing the chances that we will retain information, use it efficiently, and think flexibly, adapting the information to changing circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
| the understanding that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight |
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Term
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Definition
| the internal rearrangement and linking together of schemes so that they form a strongly interconnected cognitive system. |
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Term
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Definition
| an early vocabulary error in which a word is applied too broadly, to a wider collection of objects and events than is appropriate. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of memory that involves remembering a stimulus that is not present |
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Term
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Definition
| a tpye of memory that involves noticing whether a stimulus is identical or similar to one previously experienced. |
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Term
| referential style of language learning |
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Definition
| a style of early language learning in which toddlers use language mainly to name things, producing many words that refer to objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific psychological structure, or organized way of making sense of experience, that changes with age. |
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Term
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Definition
| piaget's first stage, spanning the first two years of life, during which infants and toddlers "think" with tier eyes, ears, hands, and other sensorimotor equipment. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the information-processing system in which sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly |
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Term
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Definition
| toddlers' two-word utterances that, like a telegram, focus on high-content words while omitting smaller, less important words. |
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Term
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Definition
| an early vcabulary error in which a word is applied too narrowly, to a smaller number of objects and events than is appropriate. |
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Term
| violation of expectation method |
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Definition
| a method in which researchers show babies an expected event (one that follows physical laws) and an unexpected event (a variation of the first event that violates physical laws). heightened attention to the unexpected event suggests that the infant is "surprised" by a deviation from physical reality and is aware of that aspect of the physical world. |
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Term
| working (short term) memory |
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Definition
| the part of the information-processing system in which we "workk" on a limited amount of information, actively applying mental strategies so the information will be retained and used effectively. |
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Term
| zone of proximal development |
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Definition
| in vygotsky's theory, a range of tasks too difficult for a child to do alone but possible with the help of more-skilled partners. |
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