Term
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Definition
| processing of basic info from world through sense organs (eyes, ears, skin etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| process of organizing and interpreting sensory info into something meaningful |
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Term
| Early perception is not poor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Acuity = ability to see “fine detail” |
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Term
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Definition
| Preferential looking used to test infants’ visual acuity (among other things). |
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Term
| At what age can infants see as well as adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| Limitations in early months (0-3) |
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Definition
*Because of the size, shape, and spacing of the cones.
*Have a hard time seeing colors in the first month, but after are fine and prefer red and blue like adults. |
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| Limitations in early months 0-3 |
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Definition
Relatively poor visual scanning abilities
short, jerky movements
trouble tracking moving objects
scanning restricted to high contrast areas (poor contrast sensitivity) |
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Term
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Definition
| In addition to visual acuity and scanning, perception requires integrating information into coherent and meaningful patterns and “wholes”. |
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Term
| Preferences for certain faces |
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Definition
| 12 hours after birth prefer Mom’s face |
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Term
| No initial preferences for particular facial expressions |
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Definition
| By 9-12 months prefer smiling over angry |
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Term
Infants like attractive faces
prefer faces judged by adults as highly attractive |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Objects appear to maintain shape and size despite constant changes in retinal image. |
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| Infants have size consistency by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| To tell when an object begins and ends |
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Term
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Definition
integrating input from two or more sensory systems (modalities)
Touch and sight (tactual visual)
Speech sounds and lip movements
(auditory visual) |
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Term
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Definition
1-month-olds given either a round pacifier or a nubby pacifier to suck on.
When shown pictures of both pacifiers, looked longer at the one they had sucked on |
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Term
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Definition
4-month-olds allowed to touch, but not see, a pair of rings that were connected either rigidly or nonrigidly.
When shown pictures of both objects, they looked longer at picture that matched the one they had touched. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Pre-reaching (swiping) |
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Term
| Reaching Stages: Jerking reaching |
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Definition
| 2. 3-4mos: jerky reaching |
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Term
Reaching stages:postural control, good reaching
adjusting hand, reach in the dark, know limits |
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Definition
3. 7mos: postural control, good reaching
adjusting hand, reach in the dark, know limits |
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Term
| When does crawling begin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What was the study done by Karen Adolph? |
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Definition
| things learned while crawling are not generalized to walking |
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Term
| The mechanism behind the learning seems to be guided by what? |
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Definition
| the perceptual info at each stage |
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Term
| What are some of the most fundamental aspects of our experience? |
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Definition
| Perceptual and motor skills |
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Term
| What works together to get the child off to the right start? |
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Definition
| Perceptual and motor skills |
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Term
| Language Comprehension precedes what? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age do children recognize their own name? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do children begin to look at Mommy or Daddy? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do children attend longer to normal word order vs. scramble? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is phonological developement? |
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Definition
| Learning about the sound system of a language |
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Term
| What is semantic development? |
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Definition
| learning about expressing meaning |
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Term
| what is syntactic development? |
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Definition
| learning rules for combining words |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is dog bites man vs man bites dog? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the critical period? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cerebral organization differs depending on what? |
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Definition
| when the 2nd language is learned |
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Term
| When do we have the most hemispheric location? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do children only discriminate phonemes from ther native langauge? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do children begin babbling? |
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Definition
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Term
| What factors aid in word learning? |
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Definition
Biases Fast Mapping Mutual Exclusivity Social Pragmatics Linguistic Context |
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Term
What is refers to a whole object, not part or action or property |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Generalize a novel word ro objects of the same shape |
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Term
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Definition
| Can learn word after even just one exposure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Assumption that a given entity will have only one name |
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Term
| Learning one word by contrasting with a familar word |
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Definition
| Lexical Contrast (in Mutual exclusivity) |
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Term
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Definition
| Paying attention to social cues |
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Term
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Definition
| Syntatic form influences interpretation (ie noun, verb) |
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Term
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Definition
| lacks nonessential elements (give juice, more candy) |
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Term
| Are drawing really representational? |
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Definition
| study by Bloom and Markson |
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Term
| When do children remember what they intended to draw? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
general ideas or understandings that can be used to group together similar things
Objects
Events
Properties
Functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Tested 3 and 4 month-olds’ ability to distinguish between cats and dogs. |
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Term
| When do children determine which actions go with which objects |
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Definition
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Term
| When do children over-generalize abilities across different kinds of animals (e.g., personification) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Essentialism: living things have essence inside them that makes them what they are |
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Term
| When does growth goes from smaller to larger? |
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Definition
2. Growth and Illness
By around 5-years:
growth goes from smaller to larger
for biological entities, but not inanimate objects.
Illness is caused by ‘germs’
eating germy food can make you sick, being next to germy food does not |
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Term
Piaget: at what age does only egocentric representations
locations coded relative to current position |
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Definition
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Term
| Hermer & Spelke (1994,1996): |
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Definition
Adults use non-geometric cues to reorient themselves (e.g., the blue wall)
At 20 months, kids use only geometric cues
Before 2 years of age, they are like rats! |
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