Term
|
Definition
| (Main proponent Jean Piaget) – qualitative changes, in stages; fairly stable within a stage, then rather dramatic shift in abilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involve study of different age groups of people at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| function of being born at a particular time in history, among members of a particular generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Germinal/Zygote –
i. approximately two weeks after conception
ii. Spans from moment of fertilization to complete implantation within the uterine lining
b. Embryonic stage – Critical to Physical and Mental Development
i. Period from two weeks to eight weeks after conception
ii. Basis of major organ systems develop
iii. Baby is cushioned by amniotic fluid; nutrients, oxygen and wastes are exchanged via placenta
c. Fetal – from ninth week of pregnancy until birth (organism is a fetus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any substance that harms or disrupts development in a fetus/embryo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (German measles) – can cause heart disease, deafness, and mental retardation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases risk for miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, infant mortality, SIDS, respiratory problems , hyperactivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Turn head in response to stroke of cheek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| startle reflex) response to being over-stimulated (e.g. loud noise) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – toes fan out and curl when sole of foot stroked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| underlying blueprint directing much of emerging characteristics, patterns of growth |
|
|
Term
| Brain Quadruples in size from infancy to adulthood due to: |
|
Definition
i. Creation of synapses (neural interconnections)
ii. Formation of myelin sheath covering axons (allows for quicker, more efficient neural communication) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Least well developed sense |
|
|
Term
| universal stages for walking |
|
Definition
a. Sitting up without support (average is 5 months)
b. Standing Alone (9-14 months)
c. Walking alone (around 12-15 months) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enduring emotional bond, develops over time (Primary Caregivers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies ducks, geese, and other fowl; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – following behavior; occurs in response to first moving object seen (shortly after birth) |
|
|
Term
| Harry and Marguerite Harlow |
|
Definition
| rhesus monkeys prefer soft, cuddly surrogate “mother,” even when other surrogate has food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
i. Attachment is biologically based, necessary for survival
ii. Quality of attachment related to sensitivity, degree of care from parent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed methodology to assess attachment (strange situation) and identified basic types |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Involved fathers have children who perform better academically
b. Two-parent (mother, father) families have children with greater academic and social success |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| , consistent limits; loving; listen; explain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rigid, demand unquestioning obedience; disregard for child’s feelings or point of view |
|
|
Term
| Permissive Parenting (could also be absence of parents) |
|
Definition
| little involvement on part of parent as far as establishing guidelines, rules; little follow through |
|
|
Term
| Erikson’s stages of Psychological Development |
|
Definition
a. Emphasized importance of social relationships (1963)
b. Personalities shaped by psychosocial challenges |
|
|
Term
| Piaget's Stages: Sensorimotor Stage: |
|
Definition
| First Stage, grown out of when object permanance develops |
|
|
Term
| Piaget's Stages: Preoperational Stage: |
|
Definition
Second Stage:
a. Symbolic representations (language and make-believe play)
b. Egocentrism (cannot relate to another person’s perspective)
c. Animistic thinking (Put human characteristics onto inanimate objects)
d. Irreversibility and centration; conservation tasks |
|
|
Term
| Piaget's Stages: C. Concrete Operational Stage (seven to eleven years) |
|
Definition
| Development of conservation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abstract thought and hypotheses develop. |
|
|
Term
| Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development |
|
Definition
-Emphasiozed role of culture in cognitive development
-Zone of proximal development
-Scaffolding – scaling the degree and type of instruction to child’s current level |
|
|
